CJ Theories Test 1 MC – Flashcards
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A theory that is assessed by measurement and testing is referred to as
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Quantitative
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Qualitative theory does NOT include which of the following factors:
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the ability to be tested statistically
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Theories about theories are known as
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Metatheories
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Microtheories are similar to which one of the following
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Process theories
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Classical theories do NOT focus on
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the pathology of criminal behavior
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Structural theories of crime propose that
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crime rates will vary as social organization changes
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Which term below applies to a theory that is not really macro or micro but rather in-between?
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bridging theory
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The textbook suggests that the proper order for solving problems of crime and criminal justice would be
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theory--> research--> policy
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Processual theories of crime generally
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are concerned with how people become deviant
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Which was not an idea which descended from the Classical School?
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determinism
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Members of the Classical School were generally opposed to
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Capital punishment
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The Classical School is best characterized as
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structural
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Punishing one individual in the hope that it will prevent them from committing another crime is the concept of
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specific deterrence
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Which of the following is NOT a favorite topic for deterrence theorists?
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domestic terrorism
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An elaborate schedule of punishments designed to take into account a combination of pleasure, pain and mitigating circumstances was designed by
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Jeremy Bentham
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Which of the following was NOT a major historical influence on the emergence of the Classical philosophy
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the writings of Guerry & Quetelet
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Beccaria, in his essay "Of Crimes and Punishments," made which one of these points?
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persons awaiting trial should not be placed in prisons
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The LEAST important of the three elements of deterrence is
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severity
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The most common approach to determining a "good" theory is
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the testability and fit to the research evidence
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A good theory is one that best fits the research and evidence and can be
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tested
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Theory context has two major forms social and
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intellectual
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A ______ theory is one that assumes that people are naturally in agreement on what constitutes crime and criminal behavior.
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consensus
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A structural theory is also likely to be called a __________ theory because we often assume it to be a characteristic of a disorganized society that leads to crime.
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strain
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Writers of the Classical period were interested in laws serving the greatest good for the greatest number, a concept we refer to as ________.
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utilitarianism
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Deterrence that is designed to make an example of someone to keep the rest of the public from committing crimes is called ________ deterrence.
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General
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Jeremy Bentham graduated from Queen's College at Oxford at the age of _____.
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15
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According to Classical theorists, man's basic instinct to maximize pleasure was the primary explanation for behavior which was referred to as: ____________________.
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Hedonism
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According to classical thought, the value of any pleasure or pain would be determined by its certainty, intensity, and _______.
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duration
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Who is frequently referred to as the father of sociology?
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August Compte
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Henry Goddard's well known study of the lineage of a criminogenic family in the United States was called:
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The Kalllikaks
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Gabriel Tarde introduced the notion that behavior, including criminal acts, involves a process of:
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Imitation
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An approach to explaining criminality that emphasized bumps on the head was:
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Phrenology
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Work on the "criminal personality" that claimed offenders demonstrated 52 different thinking disorders was done by:
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Samenow and Youchelson
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A contribution of Raffaele Garofalo was the concept of:
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natural crime, including pity and probity.
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The concept of somatotypes deals with:
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general body structures
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Lombroso designated three other types of criminals to further differentiate from his "born criminal" that included:
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all of the following the insane criminal; the occasional criminal; the epileptic criminal
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What are the assumptions of the Positive School?
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individuals have no free will to control their behavior, criminal behavior is determined by factors outside of free choices made by the individual, such as peers, bad parenting, poverty, or biology.
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The two family lineage studies conducted around 1900 that were used to link feeblemindedness and other inherited traits to crime were the Jukes and the ______.
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Kallikaks
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Yochelson and Samenow worked with inmates at St. Elizabeth's Hospital to develop their theory of the criminal_____.
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personality
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Italian theorist Enrico Ferri argues that any given area would only support a certain amount of crime, and idea he called the Law of Criminal _______.
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Saturation
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Eysenck theory of personality had three meaningful components: psychoticism, extraversion, and ______.
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neuroticism
