CJ 100 TEST 1 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Currently, we are seeing a decrease in which types of crime?
answer
Traditional crimes
question
What are the three major components of the Criminal Justice System?
answer
Police, Courts, Corrections
question
Which model best assumes that the system's components work together harmoniously to achieve justice?
answer
The consensus model
question
Which stage in the criminal justice process involves taking pictures and fingerprints of a suspect?
answer
Booking
question
Which of the following generally does not occur during a preliminary hearing?
answer
The defendant is asked to enter a plea
question
By returning an indictment, the grand jury has determined that
answer
there is probable cause to formally charge the defendant with the crime.
question
The ________ Amendment to the U.S. Constitution gives every defendant the right to a trial by jury?
answer
Sixth
question
In which of the following situations may a bench trial occur?
answer
The defendant waives his or her right to a trial by jury.
question
An offender is convicted of multiple crimes and is sentenced for each offense. A ________ sentence permits the offender to serve all sentences at the same time.
answer
concurrent
question
The ________ model emphasizes the efficient arrest and conviction of criminal offenders.
answer
crime-control
question
________ refers to crime fighting strategies that have been scientifically tested and are based on social science research.
answer
Evidence-based practice
question
________ describes the scientific study of the causes and prevention of crime and the rehabilitation and punishment of offenders?
answer
B) Criminology
question
If you are looking for national crime statistics and want data on crimes reported to the police, you should use which of the following sources of data?
answer
The Uniform Crime Reports
question
Which agency is responsible for the National Crime Victimization Survey?
answer
Bureau of Justice Statistics
question
The ________ is a traditional measure of investigative effectiveness that compares the number of crimes reported or discovered to the number of crimes solved through arrest or other means.
answer
Clearance rate
question
All of the following are Part I violent crime offenses except
answer
Prostitution
question
Which of the Part I violent crimes is the least common?
answer
Murder
question
A ________ involves killing at least four victims at one location during one event.
answer
mass murder
question
Most rapes are committed by
answer
an acquaintance of the victim.
question
The unlawful, intentional inflicting, or attempted or threatened inflicting, of serious injury upon the person of another is the crime of
answer
aggravated assault.
question
________ is defined as the unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or theft.
answer
Burglary
question
________ refers to events where social media directs people — often teenagers — to go to retail stores and rob them.
answer
Flash robs
question
________ is the unlawful taking or attempted taking, carrying, leading, or riding away of property, from the possession or constructive possession of another.
answer
Larceny/Theft
question
Each of the following offenses falls under the category of larceny except
answer
robbery.
question
________ involves obtaining key pieces of information, such as Social Security and driver's license numbers, to obtain credit, merchandise, and services in the victim's name.
answer
Identity theft
question
The dark figure of crime refers to
answer
crime that is not reported to the police.
question
The elderly are more likely than younger people to
answer
be victimized by strangers.
question
A violation of social norms defining appropriate or proper behavior under a particular set of circumstances is known as
answer
deviance.
question
A ________ is a set of interrelated propositions that attempt to describe, explain, predict, and ultimately control some class of events.
answer
theory
question
Theory testing usually involves the development of a(n) ________ based on what the theory predicts.
answer
hypothesis
question
________ is an eighteenth-century approach to crime causation and criminal responsibility that emphasizes free will and reasonable punishments.
answer
The Classical School
question
Which of the following scholars is considered to be a Classical School criminologist?
answer
Cesare Beccaria
question
What is atavism?
answer
A condition characterized by features thought to be common in earlier stages of human evolution
question
Which approach to explaining crime addresses the gender ratio problem?
answer
Biosocial theories
question
Distinct portions of a cell's DNA that carry coded instructions for making everything the body needs are known as
answer
genes.
question
A psychological principle that holds that the frequency of any behavior can be increased or decreased through reward, punishment, and association with other stimuli is
answer
conditioning.
question
________ refer(s) to the relatively stable characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that make a person unique, and that influence that person's behavior.
answer
Personality
question
________ is a theory of human behavior, based on the writings of Sigmund Freud, that sees personality as a complex composite of interacting mental entities.
answer
Psychopathology
question
What is the central defining characteristic of a psychopath?
answer
Lack of empathy
question
Which of Eysenck's personality dimensions was most likely to be closely correlated with criminality?
answer
Psychoticism
question
________ refers to a condition of normlessness that is said to exist when a group is faced with social change, uneven development of culture, maladaptiveness, disharmony, conflict, and lack of consensus.
answer
Social disorganization
question
Which of Merton's categories would a law-abiding citizen most likely fall into?
answer
Conformist
question
________ theories emphasize the role of learning in crime causation.
answer
Social process
question
________ theory focuses on the strength of the bond people share with individuals and institutions around them.
answer
Social control
question
An offender neutralizes his guilt over the robbery of a convenience store by claiming that the victim routinely cheated customers and deserved to be targeted. This is an example of which technique of neutralization?
answer
Denial of injury
question
________ criminology argues that the distribution of wealth and power in society is the primary cause of criminal behavior.
answer
Radical
question
________ criminology suggests that social control agencies and citizens should work together to alleviate social problems and human suffering and thus reduce crime.
answer
Peacemaking
question
Which conflict theory is mainly deconstructionist?
answer
Postmodern criminology
question
In many states, ________ principles are used to interpret many legal issues.
answer
common law
question
The concept of ________ expresses the belief that an orderly society must be governed by established principles to maintain order.
answer
Rule of law
question
Which of the following is an example of procedural law?
answer
A law that specifies when a search warrant may be issued to the police
question
Which of the following types of law is based on the assumption that acts injure not just individuals, but society as a whole?
answer
Criminal law
question
Typically civil lawsuits seek
answer
compensation
question
________ is a legal principle that ensures that previous judicial decisions are considered when settling similar future cases.
answer
Precedent
question
Your friend has been convicted of a crime and been sentenced to a six month period of incarceration. Your friend most likely committed a(n)
answer
misdemeanor
question
Which of the following is an inchoate offense?
answer
Conspiracy
question
A crime consists of several elements, including the criminal act or
answer
Actus Reus.
question
On your way to work, you hit and kill a pedestrian because you were texting while driving. Which type of mens rea most likely exists in this situation?
answer
Negligent
question
Which type of crime does not require mens rea?
answer
A strict liability offense
question
________ requires that the criminal act and the mental state occur together in order for a crime to take place.
answer
Concurrence
question
To establish the ________ of a crime, the state must show that a criminal law was violated and that someone violated it.
answer
corpus delicti
question
A legal defense in which the defendant admits to committing the act in question but claims it was necessary in order to avoid some greater evil is called a(n)
answer
justification
question
Which of the following is an example of a procedural defense?
answer
The defendant is able to prove that he was denied his right to a speedy trial.
question
Self-defense falls into which category of defenses to a criminal charge?
answer
Justification
question
Which defense has been used in cases involving wives who have killed their husbands after suffering years of abuse?
answer
Duress
question
The ________ holds that individuals cannot be held criminally responsible for their actions if at the time of the crime they did not know what they were doing or did not know that their actions were wrong.
answer
M'Naughten rule
question
Diminished capacity is a
answer
defense
question
In which of the following situations can an offender claim the constitutional protection of double jeopardy?
answer
After the offender was acquitted, new evidence conclusively proving his guilt was uncovered and the prosecutor calls for a new trial.
question
Which U.S. Constitutional Amendment guarantees the right to a speedy trial?
answer
Sixth
