Chpt 7: Deviance & Social Control – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
Techniques and strategies for preventing deviant human behavior in any society.
answer
social control
question
Penalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm.
answer
sanctions
question
The ultimate formal sanction is the:
answer
death penalty
question
Social control is enforced by 4 areas:
answer
family, peers, companies, government
question
The ____ defines the governmental social control.
answer
law
question
Sanctions can be ____ or _____.
answer
formal, informal
question
Going along with peers who have no special right to direct behavior. This term was used by ______.
answer
conformity, Milgram
question
Compliance with higher authorities in hierarchical structure.
answer
obedience
question
In the ______ Experiment, the experimenter instructed people to administer increasingly painful electric shocks to a subject. About 2/3 (65%) fell in the category of "______ subjects". The key to obedience was the experimenter's _____ _____ as a "scientist".
answer
Milgram, obedient, social role
question
In the modern world we view authority as _____ and more ______ than the individual.
answer
larger, important.
question
People use _____ social control casually to enforce norms. ex: smiles, laughter, ridicule
answer
informal
question
_____ social control is carried out by authorized agents. ex: police, employers
answer
formal
question
Sometimes ______social control can undermine ______social control, encouraging people to violate social norms. ex: peer pressure on binge drinking in college.
answer
informal, formal
question
Some norms are so important to a society that they are formalized into _____.
answer
laws.
question
Governmental social control is also known as ____.
answer
law
question
The legal order reflects the ______ of those in a position to exercise authority.
answer
values
question
Sociologists see the creation of laws as a _____process. Law is not a static body of rules, but reflects continually changing standards of what is _____ and ______.
answer
social, right, wrong
question
Travis Hirschi came up with the _____theory which suggests that our connection to members of society leads us to systematically conform to society's norms.
answer
control
question
The Control Theory is not always supported. People can think it through. Note the following: 1) People are _____, so they decide whether or not to engage in an act by weighing the potential outcome. 2) deviance can be _______. 3) most people would engage in deviance and crime if they could __ ____ ____ ____. 4) social controls are _______. 5) _______are more prone to deviant behavior.
answer
1) rational 2) rewarding 3) get away with it 4) insufficient 5) adolecents
question
Exhibiting behavior that violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society. ex: alcoholics, gamblers, mentally ill
answer
deviance
question
Deviance involves the violation of ____norms, which may/may not be formalized into law.
answer
group
question
Deviance is hardly objective or set in stone. It is subject to social definition within a particular _____ and at a particular _____. Deviance is ______. Changes w/ the times, people, etc... Those with greater ______define what is acceptable.
answer
society, time. relative power
question
______deviance is to stand up for people's rights. ex: whistle blower. deviance is not always negative.
answer
positive.
question
Who coined the term "stigma"?
answer
Goffman
question
The labels society uses to devalue member of certain social groups. ex: redheads, short people
answer
stigma
question
______ _______ (cell phones, voicemail, internet) can redefine social interactions and standards of behavior related to them. ex: pirating of music is considered criminal, but not all people ____it that way.
answer
technological innovations. see
question
Sociological Perspectives on Deviance: Functionalist Perspective: In _______view, the punishments established within a culture help define acceptable _______and contribute to ______.
answer
Durkheim's behavior stability
question
Sociological Perspectives on Deviance: Functionalist Perspective: Loss of direction felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective. People can become more aggressive or ________.
answer
anomie depressed
question
Sociological Perspectives on Deviance: Functionalist Perspective: Merton's Theory of Deviance. How people adapt in certain ways by conforming to or by deviating from cultural expectations is called: Deviance is a _______created behavior rather than the result of momentary impulses.
answer
anomie theory of deviance socially
question
Sociological Perspectives on Deviance: Mertons anomie theory of deviance 5 basic forms of adaption are: 1) ____-adhearing to/following social norms. (opposite of deviance). 2) ____-alternative or illegitimate means to meet goals. 3) ____-rejects material goals of conventional society, but still follows rules. (work is way of life) 4) ____-drops out of convential society.(joins convent/cult) 5) ____-protests against convention. (militia)
answer
1) Conformist 2) Innovator 3) Ritualist 4) Retreatist 5) Rebel
question
Sociological Perspectives on Deviance: Interactionist Perspective: Humans learn how to behave in social situations, whether properly or improperly is called: ______ _______ coined by: ________. ex: one learns criminal behavior by ________with others.
answer
cultural transmission Sutherland, interacting
question
Sociological Perspectives on Deviance: Interactionist Perspective: Process through which exposure to attitudes favorable to criminal acts leads to the violation of rules is called: coined by: __________. also applies to noncriminal (smoking, truancy).
answer
differential association, Sutherland
question
Sociological Perspectives on Deviance: Interactionist Perspective: Increases in crime and deviance can be attributed to the absence or breakdown of communal relationships and social institutions (family, school, church, government) is called: coined by: ________
answer
social disorganization theory Zimbardo
question
Which theory seems to "blame the victim"?
answer
social disorganization theory
question
social disorganization theory: stopping the little things can stop the _______. The ______ _____ theory applies to "run down " neighborhoods and comes from the social disorganization theory.
answer
escalation Broken Window
question
The ______Theory (coined by _____) attempts to explain why some people are viewed as deviants while others are not; also known as the ______ ______ ______.
answer
Labeling, Becker societal-reaction approach
question
Response to an act, not the behavior, determines deviance is known as the :
answer
societal-reaction approach
question
Deviance is the product of the culture we live in. This is the: _____ _______perspective.
answer
socialist constructionist
question
Socialist constructionists focus specifically on the _____ ______process that creates the deviant identity.
answer
decision-making
question
People with power protect their own interests and define deviance to suit their needs is the ______theory. 1) rests on larger structural analysis of inequalities based on ____, _____, & _____. 2) powerful impose labels on less ______. 3) powerful use money/influence to _____punishment.
answer
conflict class, race, & gender powerful escape
question
Crime & Race: Blacks are overrepresented in the : 1) ____ rates 2) ____rates 3) _____population Differences in the way social control is exercised over different groups is called:
answer
1) arrest 2) conviction 3) prison differential justice
question
Feminist Perspective: ____ and _____-Lind argue existing approaches to deviance & crime were developed with only ____in mind. Society tends to treat women in ______fashion (traditional gender roles).
answer
Adler, Chesney-Lind, men stereotypical
question
Feminist Perspective: Cultural views/attitudes toward women influence how they are _____ and _____.
answer
preceived and labeled.
question
Violation of crimial law for which some governmental authority applies formal penalties is called:
answer
crime
question
List the Index Crimes published by the ____. a) List 4 violent b) list 4 property
answer
FBI a) murder, rape, robbery, assault b) burglary, theft, motor vehicle theft, arson
question
The crime index is disproportionately devoted to ______crimes.
answer
property
question
The willing exchange amoung adults of widely desires, but illegal, goods and services is called :
answer
victimless crimes
question
A person who pursues crime as a day-to-day occupation. Also called:
answer
professional criminal, or career criminal
question
the work of a group that regulates relations among criminal enterprises involved in illegal activites.
answer
organized crime
question
Illegal acts committed in the course of business activities by respectable people: The use of high technology to allow criminals to carry out crimes. Also called :
answer
white-collar crime, technology-based crime or computer crime.
question
crime that occurs across multiple national borders.
answer
transnational crime.
question
Punishment: Goals of Incarceration 1) ______-owes debt to society 2) ______-peoples less inclined to commit crime if they know they'll get caught. 3) ______-keep criminals out of society. 4) ______-prisoners can be taught how to become functional members of society. * Inmates that participate in education are __% less likely to be incarcerated.
answer
1) retribution 2) deterrence 3) protection 4) rehabilitation 23%
question
Alternative Forms of Punishment: 1) ______ ______: death penalty 2) "___ ____" prison. acess to work-out facility, tv, etc... 3) rehabilitation and _________.
answer
1) capital punishment 2) no-frills 3) reintegration
question
____commit more violent crimes and property crimes.
answer
men
question
______crime dominates the world of illegal business just as large corps. dominate conventinal bus. Serves as a means for upward ______ to escape poverty.
answer
organized mobility
question
It is only possible to track crimes that are ______to law enforcement agencies.
answer
reported
question
Surveys of ordinary people, not police officers, to determine whether they have been victims of crimes are called __________surveys.
answer
victimization
question
Violent crimes are much more ______in the u.s. than western europe.
answer
common
question
What percentage of u.s. households have some type to firearm?
answer
42%
question
Sociologist's classify crimes in terms of how they are _______and how society views the _____.
answer
committed, offenses
question
_____people are more likely to commit crimes than older people. ages __-__ most crime prone. Also, _____people are more likely to commit crimes and more likely to be _____.
answer
younger 15-19 poorer, victims
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New