CHPT 5 MYPSYCLAB – Flashcards
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The phrase "use it or lose it" refers to which theory of forgetting?
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disuse
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The ________ effect suggests that the first and last person interviewed for a job will be better remembered by the interviewer than all the people in the middle.
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serial position
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Donyelle finds that she performs better on the exams that are given in her regular psychology classroom than in the large lecture room that is used to give midterms and finals to several sections at once. Donyelle's experience illustrates
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the importance of retrieval cues in memory
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If you move from the United States to England and have trouble adjusting to driving on the left side of the road, you are experiencing
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proactive interference
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The fact that everyone remembers that George Washington was the first president points to the primacy effect as a result of
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long-term memory storage
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Why do flashbulb memories seem so vivid and exact?
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Emotional reactions seem to stimulate the release of hormones that have been shown to enhance the formation of long-term memories.
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Research has found that, in studying, ______ produces the best retrieval.
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distributed practice
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According to Craik and Lockhart, information that is _________ will be remembered more effectively and for a longer period of time.
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deeply processed
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The most efficient way of transferring short-term memory into long term memory is by using
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elaborative rehearsal
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Psychologist consider memory to be
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an active system
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Which of the following best describes psychologist John Kihlstrom's comments when talking about Bartlett's book on memory?
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memory is more like making up a story than it is like reading a book
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What is the best way for a person to overcome the tip of the tongue phenomenon?
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stop trying to remember the information you are trying to retrieve
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on the internet, each website has its own specific information but is also linked to many other related sites. in addition, a person can have open more than one site at the same time. this pattern of organization may be very similar to how
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the mind organizes the information stored in long term memory
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In a study discussed in the textbook that researched the effects of different types of information on memory, subjects viewed a slide presentation of a traffic accident. The actual slide presentation contained a stop sign, but in a written summary of the presentation the sign was referred to as a yield sign. What were the results of this study?
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Subjects who were given misleading information after viewing the slides were far less accurate in their memories for the kind of sign present than were subjects who were given no such information.
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_________ is the ability to focus on only one stimulus from among all sensory input.
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selective attention
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Ebbinghaus's __________ shows that forgetting happens quickly, within the first hour after learning the lists, and then tapers off gradually.
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curve of forgetting
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In the information-processing model , the firststage of memory is ______ memory
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sensory
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in one study with depressed patients who were being treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), patients were tested for their memory of certain television programs both before and after the treatment. What was the result?
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Patients forgot more recent programs but remembered older ones
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a(n) __________ is a memory expert or someone with exceptional memory ability.
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mnemonist
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A research study found that people who look at real visual images and then are asked to simply imagine looking at visual images
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are often unable to later distinguish between the images they had really seen and the imagined images.
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The _____ is the part of the brain that is responsible for the formation of new long-term declarative memories
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hippocampus
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Elisabeth Loftus research determined that
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what people see and hear about an event after the fact can easily affect the accuracy of their memories of that event.
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Procedural memories
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are not easily retrieved into conscious awareness
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the set of mental operations that people perform on sensory information to convert that information into a form that is usable in the brain's storage systems
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encoding
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The Tower of Hanoi study found that people with anterograde amnesia
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still formed new procedural memories
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The system of working memory processes the information in
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short term memory
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in their original study, which explored how info is stored in long-term memory, Collins and Quillian asked participants to respond "true" or "false" as quickly as possible to sentences such as "a canary is a bird" and "a canary is an animal" the results of this study suggests that
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info exists in a kind of network, with nodes of related info linked to each other in a kind of hierarchy
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In a room filled with people, where several conversations are going on, you are able to hear your name being spoken. this is
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cocktail party effect
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The storage time of a memory depends upon
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the system of memory being used
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The information-processing model of memory suggests that
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the process of memory storage is similar to the way a computer processes memory in a series of three stages
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Helena lives on a very busy street in New York City. Although she makes no effort to remember how many times cars have passed down her street, when asked, she usually responds "often", or "a lot". Her ability o unconsciously notice how many cars pass down her street is a result of
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automatic encoding
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After his accident, Bryan had trouble remembering facts and events that were related to his personal life history. He was suffering from a loss of _______ memory.
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episodic
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Procedural memory
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guides the processes we perform and most frequently resides below the level of conscious awareness. ie tying shoelaces
