chpt 18 – Flashcards

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question
What kind of culture contains both ideational characteristics and senate characteristics?
answer
Idealistic culture
question
In what kind of culture is truth and knowledge sought through faith and religion/
answer
ideational culture
question
In what kind of culture do people seek knowledge through science?
answer
sensate culture
question
What views societal change from a historical perspective in which societies are seen as rising and then falling or a s continuously moving ask and forth between stages of development?
answer
cyclical theory of Social Change
question
What theory views change as a process that moves in one direction: towards increasing complexity?
answer
Evolutionary theory of Social Change
question
What is the natural tendency of moving towards social change called?
answer
Principle of immanent change
question
What is Tacott Parson't view of social change called in which society is likened to a living organism. Where change in one part of the social system produces change in all other parts, as the system attempts to regain balance, or equilibrium?
answer
Equalibirium theory of social change
question
What is the three-stage theory of development according to Auste Comte?
answer
1. People in society seek explanation for events by turning towards supernatural 2. answer sought in religion and philosophy 3. members of society turn to science for answers to causes of events
question
What theory views societal development in terms of the world's economy?
answer
World-system theory
question
What is the process called by which a society's coal institutions becomes increasingly complex as the society moves towards industrialization?
answer
modernization
question
What is the theory called where more developed nations of the world were the first to modernize because they were the first to industrialize?
answer
modernization theory
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according to word-system theory of modernization, what are those less develp societies called that are economically dependent on the core or developed societies?
answer
peripheral societies
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According to the world-system theory of modernization, what are those more developed nations called that are a t the center of the world economy and upon which less developed nations are economically dependent upon?
answer
core societies
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What is the name of the science that studies the relationship between living organisms and their environment?
answer
ecology
question
How much of the worlds petroleum is consumed by the United States and Canada?
answer
30%
question
How much of the worlds energy is consumed by the USA?
answer
24%
question
What are the four negative consequences of modernization?
answer
1. family and religion lose some of their traditional authority in modern society 2. government takes larger roles in directing the lives of the members of society 3. social relationship tend to be weaker than the traditional societies 4. People often find themselves faced with conflicting norms and roles expectations
question
What are the six positive consequences of modernization?
answer
1. modernization increased the standard of living in a nation 2. longer life expectancy 3. lower birth rate 4. higher rates of literacy 5. decrease in economic and social equality more personal comfort
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