chpt 18 – Flashcards
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What kind of culture contains both ideational characteristics and senate characteristics?
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Idealistic culture
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In what kind of culture is truth and knowledge sought through faith and religion/
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ideational culture
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In what kind of culture do people seek knowledge through science?
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sensate culture
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What views societal change from a historical perspective in which societies are seen as rising and then falling or a s continuously moving ask and forth between stages of development?
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cyclical theory of Social Change
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What theory views change as a process that moves in one direction: towards increasing complexity?
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Evolutionary theory of Social Change
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What is the natural tendency of moving towards social change called?
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Principle of immanent change
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What is Tacott Parson't view of social change called in which society is likened to a living organism. Where change in one part of the social system produces change in all other parts, as the system attempts to regain balance, or equilibrium?
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Equalibirium theory of social change
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What is the three-stage theory of development according to Auste Comte?
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1. People in society seek explanation for events by turning towards supernatural 2. answer sought in religion and philosophy 3. members of society turn to science for answers to causes of events
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What theory views societal development in terms of the world's economy?
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World-system theory
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What is the process called by which a society's coal institutions becomes increasingly complex as the society moves towards industrialization?
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modernization
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What is the theory called where more developed nations of the world were the first to modernize because they were the first to industrialize?
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modernization theory
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according to word-system theory of modernization, what are those less develp societies called that are economically dependent on the core or developed societies?
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peripheral societies
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According to the world-system theory of modernization, what are those more developed nations called that are a t the center of the world economy and upon which less developed nations are economically dependent upon?
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core societies
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What is the name of the science that studies the relationship between living organisms and their environment?
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ecology
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How much of the worlds petroleum is consumed by the United States and Canada?
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30%
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How much of the worlds energy is consumed by the USA?
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24%
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What are the four negative consequences of modernization?
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1. family and religion lose some of their traditional authority in modern society 2. government takes larger roles in directing the lives of the members of society 3. social relationship tend to be weaker than the traditional societies 4. People often find themselves faced with conflicting norms and roles expectations
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What are the six positive consequences of modernization?
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1. modernization increased the standard of living in a nation 2. longer life expectancy 3. lower birth rate 4. higher rates of literacy 5. decrease in economic and social equality more personal comfort
