Chp. 20 Definitions Flashcards

Global transfer of plants, animals, and disease during the colonization of Americas. Between the Europeans, Americans, Asians, and Africans.

A business in which investors pool their wealth for a common purpose, then share profits. The common purpose here (1500 and 1600) was American colonization. With this process Jamestown was established.

An economic system based on private ownership and on the investment of money in business ventures in order to make profit. An aspect of the European economic revolution, allowed many to obtain wealth. Led to an overall increase of many nations' money supply. Brought inflation.

A group of people, in 1620, founded the colony of Plymouth (2nd English colony) in Massachusetts to escape religious persecution in England. Sought religious freedom.

a group of people who sought freedom from religious persecution in England by founding a colony at Massachusetts Bay in the early 1600s. Sought religious freedom from England's Anglican Church.

The voyage that brought captured Africans to the West indies and later to the north and south America, to be sold as slaves. Middle leg of the triangular trade.

The transatlantic trading network along which slaves and other goods were carried between Africa, England, Europe, the West Indies, and the colonies of Americas. Europeans transported goods to the West Africa, exchanged the goods for captured Africans, then the Africans were sold in the West Indies.

A person of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry.

An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought. Theory that a country's power depended mainly on its wealth.

sailed west across the Atlantic in search 4 an alternate trade route to Asia and its riches never reached Asia reached a Caribbean island this event brought the people of Europe, Africa, and America together August 3, 1492 Columbus set sail Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria called the native americans indians thinking he was in Asia Taino what the group of natives called themselves claimed the island 4 Spain named it San Salvador Holy Savior interested in gold 1493 second journey 2 America fleet over 17 ships carried over 1,000 soldiers, crewman, colonist explorer, empire builder planned to transform caribbean islands into colonies lands that are controlled by other nations

spanish explorer, marched through Panama, first European to gaze on the Pacific Ocean

spanish explorer, led boldest exploration, 250 men 5 ships, sailed around the southern end of south america into pacific waters. killed in phillipian war. 18 mean and 1 ship returned, first to sail around the world.

Spanish, landed on Mexican shores and claimed land in Mexico then Americas. Had followers known as conquistadors. Colonized" Mexico, South America, and the United States.

conquistador, conquered Incan Empire

Montezuma 2 ruled, gold supply, defeated by Cortes.

Incan ruler, kidnapped by spaniards, his empire was defeated by Pizarro

natives farmed, ranched, or mined for the spanish landlords. Sometimes the laborers were worked to death. Criticized by Spanish priest. 1542 it was abolished.

base of France's colonial empire

where natives drove Spaniards into, Quebec.

settlement named after King James because he granted London investors a charter to found the colony. searched for gold instead of farming. 7/10 people died from hunger, disease, and battle. England's first permanent settlement in America. tobacco= cash crop

Founded by pilgrims because they sought religious freedom. Second english colony founded.

it separated their north and south colonies

dispute over land claims in ohio valley region between british and french, also battled for supremacy. The British won seizing the eastern half of North America.

Native American ruler, King Philip

the spread of Islam into Africa

legal rights and social mobility. Some occupied positions of influence and power. Some served as generals in the army. Could escape their bondage.

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