Chp. 20 Definitions Flashcards
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Puritans
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a group of people who sought freedom from religious persecution in England by founding a colony at Massachusetts Bay in the early 1600s. Sought religious freedom from England's Anglican Church.
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Middle Passage
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The voyage that brought captured Africans to the West indies and later to the north and south America, to be sold as slaves. Middle leg of the triangular trade.
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Triangular Trade
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The transatlantic trading network along which slaves and other goods were carried between Africa, England, Europe, the West Indies, and the colonies of Americas. Europeans transported goods to the West Africa, exchanged the goods for captured Africans, then the Africans were sold in the West Indies.
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Mestizo
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A person of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry.
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Mercantilism
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An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought. Theory that a country's power depended mainly on its wealth.
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Christopher Columbus
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sailed west across the Atlantic in search 4 an alternate trade route to Asia and its riches never reached Asia reached a Caribbean island this event brought the people of Europe, Africa, and America together August 3, 1492 Columbus set sail Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria called the native americans indians thinking he was in Asia Taino what the group of natives called themselves claimed the island 4 Spain named it San Salvador Holy Savior interested in gold 1493 second journey 2 America fleet over 17 ships carried over 1,000 soldiers, crewman, colonist explorer, empire builder planned to transform caribbean islands into colonies lands that are controlled by other nations
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Vasco Nunez de Balboa
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spanish explorer, marched through Panama, first European to gaze on the Pacific Ocean
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Ferdinand Magellan
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spanish explorer, led boldest exploration, 250 men 5 ships, sailed around the southern end of south america into pacific waters. killed in phillipian war. 18 mean and 1 ship returned, first to sail around the world.
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Hernando Cortes
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Spanish, landed on Mexican shores and claimed land in Mexico then Americas. Had followers known as conquistadors. Colonized" Mexico, South America, and the United States.
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Francisco Pizarro
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conquistador, conquered Incan Empire
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Aztec Empire
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Montezuma 2 ruled, gold supply, defeated by Cortes.
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Atahualpa
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Incan ruler, kidnapped by spaniards, his empire was defeated by Pizarro
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Encomienda System
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natives farmed, ranched, or mined for the spanish landlords. Sometimes the laborers were worked to death. Criticized by Spanish priest. 1542 it was abolished.
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New France
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base of France's colonial empire
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New Spain
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where natives drove Spaniards into, Quebec.
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Jamestown
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settlement named after King James because he granted London investors a charter to found the colony. searched for gold instead of farming. 7/10 people died from hunger, disease, and battle. England's first permanent settlement in America. tobacco= cash crop
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Plymouth
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Founded by pilgrims because they sought religious freedom. Second english colony founded.
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English took control of New Netherlands
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it separated their north and south colonies
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French and Indian War
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dispute over land claims in ohio valley region between british and french, also battled for supremacy. The British won seizing the eastern half of North America.
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Metacom
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Native American ruler, King Philip
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Increased slave trade in the 7th century
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the spread of Islam into Africa
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Slavery in African and muslim society
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legal rights and social mobility. Some occupied positions of influence and power. Some served as generals in the army. Could escape their bondage.
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First nation to import african slaves
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Portages
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