child development test 4 – Flashcards
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although minor illnesses may be somewhat distressing, they also bring benefits such as
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building immunity, better understand body
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causes bone marrow to produce an excessive white blood cells
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leukemia
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this is not considered psychological maltreatment
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hitting the child
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this is not a factor that influences that activity level
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enrollment in organized activities
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Boys tend to have greater __ while girls tend to have greater __
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strength; coordination
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children's artwork progress through a series of states during the preschool years. this is known as
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scribbling, shape, design, pictorial
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by age 5, children's brain weigh__ of the average adult brain weight
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90%
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by the end of the preschool period, the __ bundle of nerve fibers, becomes thicker
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corpus callosum
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the process in which certain functions are located more in one hemisphere of the brain than the other is known as
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lateralization
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the major threats to health and wellness during the preschool years are the result of
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accidental injuries
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a body weight more than 20% higher than the average weight for a person of a given age and height is known as
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obesity
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the most frequent major illness to strike preschoolers is
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cancer
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abused children are more likely to
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be fussy, have more headaches, show development delays
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the ability to overcome circumstances that place a child at high risk for psychological or physical damage is called
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resilience
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fine motor skills are
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using fork, using scissors, tying shoes
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what is not a sign that a child is ready to be toilet trained
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resisting sitting on a potty chair
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most children develop handedness by age
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5
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during piaget's pre operational stage of cognitive development __ though grows as mental reasoning emerges
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symbolic
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putting a cat mask on dog is which one of the limitations of pre operational stage
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centration
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the primitive reasoning that preschoolers use to explore and draw conclusions about their world is known as
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intuitive thinking
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working with an adult then working more and more independently is know as
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scaffolding
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the process where preschoolers build their vocabulary at a rapid rate
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fast mapping
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talking to yourself is known as
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private speech
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positive correlation between affluence and time interacting with children means that
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the affluence the more tim parents talk with their children
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the key to assuring effective childcare is to enroll children in a __ program
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high quality
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whats the greatest influence in the children of the U.S?
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watching television
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the pre operational stage lasts from
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2-7 years
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the knowledge that quantity is unrelated to the arrangement and physical appearance of objects is known as
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conservation
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thinking that does not take into account the viewpoints of others is known as
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egocentrism
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___ a memory of particular events from one's own life, achieves little accurate until after 3.
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autobiographical memory
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the level at which a child can almost comprehend or perform a task on their own is known as
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zone of proximal development
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the support for learning and problem solving is known as
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scaffolding
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the combining of words and phrases to form sentences is known as
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syntax
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process in which new words are associated with their meaning after only a brief encounter
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fast mapping
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Vygotsky suggested that __ speech is used to guide to behavior and thought
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private
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through the development of pragmatic abilities, children learn conversational strategies including
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turn taking, staying on topic, what should and should not be said
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a school where children are provided with designed set of materials but can move from to another is known as
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Montessori preschools
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____ of children are in rolled in some type of childcare
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75%
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major characteristics of high quality daycare is
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well trained, app size and ratio, rich language environment
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what does Head Start not focus on
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ethics and values
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the most popular education program for children in the U.S __
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Sesame Street
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__ is one of the most important potent and widespread stimuli for children
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television
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2 key conflicts are for children to develop a sense of __ and ___
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initiative; autonomy
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children of __ parents tend to be withdrawn , showing little sociability
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authoritarian
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for most children in western cultures, __ parenting words best
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authoritative
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kid hits other kid on arm because he wants the toy. what kind of aggression is displaying
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instrumental aggression
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a period where children become more independent or experience humiliation is known as
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autonomy vs. shame and doubt
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period where 3-7 year olds become independent or unsure of themselves is known as
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initiative vs. guilt
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a person's identity or set of beliefs about one is like as an individual is known as
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self-concept
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__ is a philosophy that emphasizes personal identity and the uniqueness of the individual
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individualistic philosophy
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according to the social learning approached, children learn gender-related behavior and expectations by
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watching the behavior of mass and females in their society
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the perception of oneself as a male or female is known as
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gender identity
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make believe play
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helps children understand their environment
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helping behavior that benefits others is called __ behavior
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prosocial
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the change in people's sense of justice and of what is right and wrong is called __ development
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moral
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__ is the understudying of what another individual feels
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empathy
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