Chemistry Semester 2 Final Exam Study Guide – Flashcards
59 test answers
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answers 59question
Solve a gram to gram problem.
answer
Equation: #mol= mass/ m.m. ratio mole bridge g-m-m-g
Unlock the answer
question
Limiting reactant.
answer
The reactant in a chemical reaction that limits the amount of product that can be formed
Unlock the answer
question
Excess reactant
answer
The reactant in a chemical reaction that is in excess.
Unlock the answer
question
Identify limiting and excess reactants in a reaction
answer
Skill Question
Unlock the answer
question
pressure
answer
Force per unit of area on a surface
Unlock the answer
question
STP
answer
Standard Temperature and Pressure (0 celsius and 1 atm)
Unlock the answer
question
State molar volume at STP
answer
22.414 Liters
Unlock the answer
question
Solve problems using the ideal gas equation.
answer
Skill Question PV = nRT R = 0.082 Latm/molK P - Pressure, measured in atm. V - volume, measured in L. n - number of moles, measured in mol. R - ideal gas constant, measured in 0.082Latm/molK T- temperature, measured in K
Unlock the answer
question
Solution.
answer
A homogeneous mixtures of 2 or more substances in the same phase
Unlock the answer
question
Colloid.
answer
Medium sized particles - shows the Tyndall effect - particles do not settle
Unlock the answer
question
Suspension.
answer
Larger particles - does show the Tyndall effect - particles do settle out eventually
Unlock the answer
question
Explain Tyndall effect.
answer
Particles that are dissolved do not scatter light. Particles that are suspended do.
Unlock the answer
question
Explain the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous.
answer
The difference between heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures is the degree at which the materials are mixed together.
Unlock the answer
question
Solute.
answer
The substance dissolved in the solution
Unlock the answer
question
Solvent.
answer
The dissolving medium
Unlock the answer
question
Discuss why water is referred to as "the universal solvent."
answer
Water can break down polar and covalent bonds
Unlock the answer
question
Describe the process of dissociation.
answer
...
Unlock the answer
question
Define diluted and concentrated solutions.
answer
Diluted means less solute, concentrated is more solute
Unlock the answer
question
Calculate molarity and molality.
answer
Molarity: The number of moles of solute in one liter of solution Molality: the number of moles of solute in one kg of solvent
Unlock the answer
question
Explain some of the quantitative concentration (like ppm and ppb)
answer
...
Unlock the answer
question
Define saturated and supersaturated.
answer
A solution that contains the maximum amount of solute. A solution that contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution contains under the same conditions
Unlock the answer
question
Write simple dissociation equations.
answer
Skill Question
Unlock the answer
question
Use the solubility guidelines to predict whether a compound is soluble.
answer
Skill Question
Unlock the answer
question
Define precipitate.
answer
Solid separates from a liquid
Unlock the answer
question
Write net ionic equations.
answer
Skill Question
Unlock the answer
question
Define spectator ion.
answer
The Ion that doesn't bond in a reaction
Unlock the answer
question
Define electrolyte.
answer
An Ionic Bond that is separated into charged particles when dissolved. The ions will carry charge, conducting electricity
Unlock the answer
question
Define colligative property.
answer
Properties that depend on the concentration of solute particles but not their identity
Unlock the answer
question
List some colligative properties
answer
Freezing point, boiling point
Unlock the answer
question
Calculate boiling point elevation
answer
Skill Question
Unlock the answer
question
Calculate freezing point depression
answer
Skill Question
Unlock the answer
question
Define volatile.
answer
Evaporates easily and has a low boiling point
Unlock the answer
question
Define nonvolatile.
answer
Does not evaporate easily or have a low boiling point
Unlock the answer
question
Define colligative.
answer
...
Unlock the answer
question
Describe how a nonvolatile solute interferes with the boiling of a solvent.
answer
Non-volatile solute particles are like prison guards. It takes a lot to get past them. A Non-volatile solute has a higher boiling point than the solute you put it in
Unlock the answer
question
Discuss some of the relevant details about acid rain.
answer
Acid Rain is harmful to the world and our resources.
Unlock the answer
question
Define indicator.
answer
A substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or base
Unlock the answer
question
Describe properties of acids.
answer
Taste sour, Strong acids can be corrosive to flesh, Change the color of indicators, Produce hydrogen gas when they react with active metals, Neutralizes bases, Conduct electricity
Unlock the answer
question
Describe properties of bases.
answer
Taste bitter, Strong bases can burn flesh, Change the color of indicators, Feel slippery, Neutralizes acids, Conduct electricity
Unlock the answer
question
Name binary Acids and oxyacids.
answer
Skill Question
Unlock the answer
question
Describe the Arrhenius concept of acids and bases.
answer
A chemical compounds that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution
Unlock the answer
question
Describe the Bronsted Lowry concept of acids and bases.
answer
A molecule or ion that is a proton donor
Unlock the answer
question
Describe what makes an acid or base strong.
answer
The amount of hydronium or hydroxide in the acid or base respectively.
Unlock the answer
question
Describe the process by which hydronium is formed.
answer
Formed during the creation of all acids ever. Opposite of hydroxide which is found in bases.
Unlock the answer
question
Describe neutralization reactions
answer
The two compounds create a salt
Unlock the answer
question
Predict the products of neutralization reactions.
answer
Skill Questions
Unlock the answer
question
Calculate [H3O+] and [OH-].
answer
Skill Question
Unlock the answer
question
Calculate pH.
answer
Skill Question
Unlock the answer
question
Oxidation.
answer
Decrease in oxidation number
Unlock the answer
question
Define reduction.
answer
Increase in oxidation number
Unlock the answer
question
Identify the oxidized ion and the reduced ion in a reaction.
answer
Skill Question
Unlock the answer
question
Recognize examples of electrochemical applications (like the ones on the test you just took).
answer
Skill Question
Unlock the answer
question
What is the freezing point of phenol if it has 30g of MgCl2 dissolved in 2kg of phenol? ∆Tf = imkf
answer
i = 3 m = #mol solute / kg solvent #mol = mass / m.m. = 30g / 95.205 = .315mol m = .315mol / 2kg = .158m kf = -7.40 c/m plug everything into equation ∆Tf = 3(.158)(-7.40) ∆Tf = -3.5 question asks for the actual freezing point, so add -3.5 to the original temperature, 40.9 40.9 + (-3.5) = 37.4c
Unlock the answer
question
What is the hydronium concentration and hydroxide concentration of 1.3 x 10-3M H2SO4, and what is the pH?
answer
[H3O+] = 2 x 1.3 x 10-3M = 2.6 x 10-3M 2.6 x 10-3M = [H3O+] Hydronium Concentration 1 x 10-14M2= [H3O+][OH-] 1 x 10-14M2 = [2.6 x 10-3M][OH-] / 2.6 x 10-3M 3.85 x 10-12M = [OH-] Hydroxide Concentration pH = -log[H3O+] = -log[2.6 x 10-3M] = 2.59 pH
Unlock the answer
question
Process in which hydronium dissociates
answer
When it dissociates there are lots of hydrogen protons in the solution and since hydrogen is just a proton, which are positively charged, then that proton is attracted to anything negative: it gets attracted to the negative pole of water making it H3O+
Unlock the answer
