Chemistry Internship Study Questions Section 2 Answers – Flashcards
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| What primary hormone RAISES plasma CALCIUM levels? |
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| Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) |
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| What THYROID HORMONE acts to LOWER CALCIUM Levels? |
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| Calcitonin |
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| What Hormone is DEFECTIVE in Diabetes Insipidus? |
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| ADH |
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| What Endocrine gland regulates the secretion of ADH? |
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| Posterior Pituitary |
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| What triggers the secretion of ADH? |
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| Hyperosmolality (Dehydration, Increased Glucose) |
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| By what other name is ADH known by? |
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| Vasopressin |
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| Indicate whether the lab results will be normal, increased, or decreased in Diabetes Insipidus: Urine Volume |
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| Increased |
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| Indicate whether the lab results will be normal, increased, or decreased in Diabetes Insipidus: Urine Specific Gravity |
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| Decreased |
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| Indicate whether the lab results will be normal, increased, or decreased in Diabetes Insipidus: Urine Osmolality |
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| Decreased |
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| Indicate whether the lab results will be normal, increased, or decreased in Diabetes Insipidus: Serum Osmolality |
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| Increased |
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| Explain the Normal Feedback Relationship between ACTH and Cortisol |
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| As Cortisol DECREASES, ACTH INCREASES. ACTH Increased levels trigger secretion of Cortisol. When Cortisol gets High enough, ACTH Decreases |
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| Explain the Normal Expected variation of Cortisol between 8am and 8pm |
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| Highest in the Morning. Lowest in the Evening. |
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| How will Cushing's Disease affect this variation of Normal Cortisol between 8am and 8 pm? |
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| No variation. Levels will remain Increased regardless of time of day. |
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| What condition "turns on" the RAA system? |
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| Low BP OR Low Blood Volume |
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| Aldosterone regulates the reabsorption of what analyte? |
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| Sodium |
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| The reabsorption of Sodium by regulation from Aldosterone occurs in what area of the body? |
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| Distal Renal Tubles |
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| What is the precursor substance of Steroid hormones? |
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| Cholesterol |
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| Compare/Contrast Cushing's and Addison's based on the following expected results: A [image] |
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| Increased |
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| Compare/Contrast Cushing's and Addison's based on the following expected results: B [image] |
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| Increased |
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| Compare/Contrast Cushing's and Addison's based on the following expected results: C [image] |
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| Increased |
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| Compare/Contrast Cushing's and Addison's based on the following expected results: D [image] |
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| Decreased |
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| Compare/Contrast Cushing's and Addison's based on the following expected results: E [image] |
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| Increased |
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| Compare/Contrast Cushing's and Addison's based on the following expected results: F [image] |
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| Increased |
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| Compare/Contrast Cushing's and Addison's based on the following expected results: G [image] |
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| Decreased |
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| Compare/Contrast Cushing's and Addison's based on the following expected results: H [image] |
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| Decreased |
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| Compare/Contrast Cushing's and Addison's based on the following expected results: I [image] |
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| Decreased |
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| Compare/Contrast Cushing's and Addison's based on the following expected results: J [image] |
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| Increased |
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| Compare/Contrast Cushing's and Addison's based on the following expected results: K [image] |
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| Decreased |
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| Compare/Contrast Cushing's and Addison's based on the following expected results: L [image] |
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| Increased |
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| Name the 2 primary catecholamine hormones produced by the adrenal medulla |
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| Epinephrine & Norepinephrine |
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| What is the FINAL METABOLITE of these hormones (Epinephrine & Norepinephrine) which can be measured in urine? |
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| VMA |
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| What is the clinical significance of HIGH LEVELS of VMA? |
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| May indicate severe adrenal disorder or pheochromocytoma |
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| What hormone levels are used in the evaluation of male infertility? |
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| FSH, LH, Testosterone |
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| What is the primary function of FSH in a female? |
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| Triggers secretion of estrogen |
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| What is the primary function of LH in a female? |
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| Stimulates estrogen and progesterone secretion. Triggers ovulation |
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| What is the primary function of Progesterone in a female? |
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| Prepares uterus for implantation |
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| When does the following hormone peak during a normal menstrual cycle: FSH |
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| 1st 1/2 of cycle |
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| When does the following hormone peak during a normal menstrual cycle: LH |
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| Just prior to ovulation |
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| When does the following hormone peak during a normal menstrual cycle: Progesterone |
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| 2nd 1/2 of cycle |
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| The presence of what hormone is used to determine pregnancy? |
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| HCG |
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| How frequently does the level of HCG normally double in the 1st 8 weeks? |
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| Every 2 days |
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| In what condition would you see a lengthened doubling time of HCG? |
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| Ectopic pregnancy |
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| List an abnormal condition associated with high levels of HCG in males |
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| Testicular Cancer |
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| List an abnormal condition associated with high levels of HCG in nonpregnant females |
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| Choriocarcinoma |
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| Name the 2 primary hormones secreted by the thyroid gland |
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| T3 & T4 |
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| What 2 lab tests are MOST Often used to assess thyroid function? |
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| FT4 & TSH |
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| What is the MOST COMMON Cause of HYPERTHYROIDISM? |
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| Grave's Disease |
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| List some of the MOST Common Symptoms associated with HYPERTHYROIDISM |
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| Restlessness, Hyperactivity, Weight Loss despite large appetite, Skin/Vision changes |
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| What Common type of HYPOTHYROIDISM is associated with autoantibodies and plasma cell/lymphocyte infiltration of the Thyroid gland? |
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| Hashimoto's |
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| List some of the MOST Common Symptoms associated with HYPOTHYROIDISM |
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| Weight gain, Fatigue, Headaches, Memory Loss, Irritability, Cold Intolerance, Dry Skin, Brittle Hair |
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| What is the adverse consequence (condition) that results from CONGNITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM? |
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| Cretinism -Arrested mental & physical development |
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| Indicate whether the following test results would be Normal, Increased, or Decreased in the following conditions: A [image] |
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| Normal |
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| Indicate whether the following test results would be Normal, Increased, or Decreased in the following conditions: B [image] |
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| Increased |
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| Indicate whether the following test results would be Normal, Increased, or Decreased in the following conditions: C [image] |
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| Increased |
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| Indicate whether the following test results would be Normal, Increased, or Decreased in the following conditions: D [image] |
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| Decreased |
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| Indicate whether the following test results would be Normal, Increased, or Decreased in the following conditions: E [image] |
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| Decreased |
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| Indicate whether the following test results would be Normal, Increased, or Decreased in the following conditions: F [image] |
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| Normal |
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| Indicate whether the following test results would be Normal, Increased, or Decreased in the following conditions: G [image] |
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| Decreased |
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| Indicate whether the following test results would be Normal, Increased, or Decreased in the following conditions: H [image] |
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| Increased |
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| Indicate whether the following test results would be Normal, Increased, or Decreased in the following conditions: I [image] |
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| Increased |
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| Indicate whether the following test results would be Normal, Increased, or Decreased in the following conditions: J [image] |
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| Decreased |
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| Adequate removal of a Parathyroid tumor can be determined by performing Intraoperative PTH. How frequently are blood samples drawn during surgery? |
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| Every 5-7 minutes |
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| How much should the PTH levels FALL to indicate adequate removal of the Parathyroid tumor? |
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| Look for 50% drop from the highest level |
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| Prolactin is needed for what Normal body functions in the female? |
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| Breast Development & Lactation |
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| What would be the purpose of performing a dilutional prolactin? |
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| Avoid Prozone |
