Chemistry FC – Flashcards

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Proton: 1 positive charge; in nucleus

Neutron; no charge; in nucleus

Electron: 1 negative charge; circling around nucleus

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The smallest particle into which an element can be divided and still be the same substance.

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Negatively charged particles found in all atoms; electrons are involved in the formation of chemical bonds.

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An full explanation for a broad range of hypotheses and obsevations that have been supported by testing.

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A representation of an object or system.

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The tiny, extremely dense, positively charged region in the center of an atom; made up of protons and neutrons.

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The regions inside an atom where electrons are likely to be found.

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The positively charged particles of the nucleus; the number of protons determines the identity of an element.

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Atomic Number

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The SI unit used to express the masses of particles in an atom.

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Atoms that have the same number of protons but have different numbers of neutrons.

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Atomic Mass or Atomic Weight

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Mass Number

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An element where the number of protons is not equal to the amount of electrons which gives the element a charge (+ or -) instead of being neutral.

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-5

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+11

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(Check notes for this one)

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#1: Mass number

#2: Symbol of element

#3: Atomic number

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(check notes for this)

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Pure substances that cannot be seperated or broken down into simpler subsatances by physical or chemical means.

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A substance in which there is only one type of particle.

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Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids

Shiny.

Good conductors of thermal and electric energy.

Most are malleable and ductile.

Have properties of both metals and nonmetals.

Semi-conductors.

Semi-ductile and semi-malleable.

Dull.

Poor conductors.

;Great insulators.

Brittle and weak.

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Combination of two or more elements that are not chemically combined.

Can be seperated by physical means.

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A pure substance made up of two or more elements that are chemically combined.

Can be seperated by chemical means.

1. Homogeneous; heterogeneous

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2. Solutions; suspensions; colliods

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Distillation, Magnet, or Centrifuge

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(as long as you have 2)

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A mixture that is homogeneous and is made up of a solute that has been dissolved in a solvent.

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The substance that is dissolved in a solution.;

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The substance that dissolves the solute in a solution.

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A mixture where the particles are dispersed throughout a liquid or gas but are large enough they settle out.

-solute does not dissolve in suspensions

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A mixture where the particles are dispersed evenly throughout the substance but are too small and light to settle out.

Measures the amount of solute in the solvent;

-unit is Molarity (M)

-another unit is grams in a specific volume

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Solution where it can dissolve more solute.

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Solution where it can't dissolve more solute.

The amount of solute needed to make a solution completely saturated.

The ability to dissolve in another substance.

Mixing the substance, heating the substance, or crushing the solute.

A property special to a substance regardless of the amount of the substance. Helps you identify the element.

Density, boiling point, ductility, maleability, reactive with something (more in notes if there are other examples you wish to put).

(as long as you have one)

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C. Solvent

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D. Both A and B

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The amount of space a substance takes up.

Units: cm³;(CC) or liters (l)

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The amount of matter in an object.

Units: gram (g)

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The distance between points.

Units: cm, m, in, km, ft, mm, mile, etc.

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Anything that has mass and volume.

All matter is made of atoms

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Gas, Liquid, Solid, Plasma

a state of matter in which matter has a definite shape and volume. The atoms are very attracted to eachother and stay together, so the atoms do not move out of place.

Units for volume: cubic units (like cm³) or;mL and L.;

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A state of matter in which matter changes in both shape and volume.

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The amount of force exerted on a given area.;

A law that states that the volume of a gas increases as the pressure decreases.

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A law that states that the volume of a gas increases as the temperature increases.

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The conversion of a substance from one state of matter to another.

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The change of state from a solid to a liquid.

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The change of state from a liquid to a solid.

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The change of state from a liquid to a gas.

Includes evaporization and boiling.

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The change of state from a gas to a liquid.

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The change of state from a solid directly into a gas.

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;The changes of states where heat is leaving the substance, which is nessesary for the change of state to occur.

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The changes of states where heat is entering the substance, which is nessesary for the change of state to occur.

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Surface Tension and Viscosity

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A force acting on liquid on surface. Cause spherical dot formation.

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Resistance of flow.

-thicker liquids are more viscous.

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The measure of how fast the molecules are moving.

-amount of energy, also caled heat.

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A type of vaporization that occurs at the substance's boiling point throughout the liquid.

A type of vaporization that occurs below the boiling point only at the surface of the liquid.

1. Alttitude

2. Higher; bigger

Freezing, Condensation

Melting, Vaporization, Sublimation

#1: Atomic Number

#2: Element's Symbol

#3: Element's Name

#4: Atomic Mass or Atomic weight 

A property of matter based on it's ability to change into a new substance with new properties.

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A property of matter that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance.;

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The amount of matter in a given space; mass per unit volume

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Density=mass;volume

Introduced the idea of atoms, saying they were small, hard particles and that they were idivisible. He also said that all substances were made up of atoms.;

He also said that atoms came in different shapes.

1. Aristotle

2. Aristotle

1) All substances are made of atoms, and atoms are small particles that cannot be divided, created, or destroyed.

2) Atoms of the same element are exactly alike, and atoms of different elements are different.

3) Atoms join with other atoms to make new substances.

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