question

Four-year-old Christopher has authoritarian parents who sometimes physically abuse him. When his friend Joaquin has a bad day and cries, Christopher is most likely to react with

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fear and anger

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Research on preschool friendships reveals that

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only about one-fourth of young children reciprocally name each other as best friends

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Warmth and responsiveness, competence and power, and consistency between assertions and behavior are all

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characteristics of a model that increase a child's willingness to imitate the model's behavior.

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Research examining cultural variations in personal storytelling revealed that

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Chinese parents did little to cultivate their child's individuality.

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Which of the following statements is supported by research on emotional understanding?

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Preschoolers' explanations of emotional states tend to emphasize external factors.

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What is a potential pitfall of gender rigidity?

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Gender rigidity may follow children into adolescence where it can create gendered behavior that distracts from other goals.

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The fact that children __________ provides evidence that Freud's account of conscience development is inaccurate.

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whose parents frequently use threats or physical force tend to feel little guilt following transgressions

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Which of the following statements about inductive discipline is true?

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Induction gives children information about how to behave that they can use in future situations.

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When children are threatened, criticized, and punished excessively by adults, they

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feel too much guilt and their exuberant play breaks down.

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If you asked 4-year-old Keisha to describe herself, which of the following is she most likely to say?

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"i do not like bugs"

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3-year-old Kyle gets upset at loud sounds. At a parade, he puts his fingers in his ears when he hears the fire trucks coming down the street. Kyle is displaying

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emotional self-regulation

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Research on punishment shows that spanking is

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associated with a rise in behavior problems if parents are cold and rejecting but not if they are warm and supportive.

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Most theories agree that

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at first, a child's morality is externally controlled by adults.

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Research on biological influences on gender typing reveals that

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aggression and preference for same-sex playmates are widespread among mammalian species.

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Although verbal aggression is always __________, __________ aggression can be either direct or indirect.

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indirect;relational

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Chronic stress triggers __________, which, in turn, frequently induces a raging appetite and subsequent weight gain.

answer

insulin resistance

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Rewarding children for __________ leads to greater liking for physical activity.

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reducing sedentary activity

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About 60 percent of U.S. boys and 37 percent of U.S. girls __________ between ages 5 and 18.

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participate in organized sports outside of school hours at some time

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Pruning and reorganization of brain circuits lead to

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gains in working-memory capacity.

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Akna is short and stocky. Where is she MOST likely to live?

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cold, Arctic area

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Which of the following statements about physical activity in U.S. schools is true?

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Only one state mandates at least 30 minutes of physical education per day in elementary school.

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Which of the following statements is supported by research on school recess?

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Distributing cognitively demanding tasks over a longer time by introducing regular breaks enhances attention and performance.

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According to "Poor Kids" one primary reason poverty is linked to overweight and obesity is because of

answer

limited diets

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Jane, age 7, is a thumb sucker. As a result, Jane is at risk for

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malocclusion

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At age 6, Ofelia probably

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can print the alphabet and numbers 1 through 10 with reasonable clarity.

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As Breanna gets older, how will her batting abilities change?

answer

Batting motions will involve her entire body.

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By age 9, the sex difference in the growth trend

answer

reverses

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In regions with widespread poverty, famine, and disease,

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either no secular change or a secular decrease in body size has occurred.

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__________ and __________ play vital roles in improved motor performance.

answer

Body growth; more efficient information processing

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Which of the following is likely to help increase girls' self-confidence and participation in athletics?

answer

educating parents about the minimal differences in school-age boys' and girls' physical capacities

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According to Ken Robinson (TED Talk) creativity is

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diverse, dynamic and distinct

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Which of the following factors is a reason for the superior academic performance of Finnish as compared to American children?

answer

All Finnish students receive the same nationally mandated, high-quality instruction.

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Noah thinks more skillfully than others when faced with novelty. Given a new task, Noah applies his information-processing skills in exceptionally effective ways, rapidly making these skills automatic so that working memory is freed for more complex aspects of the situation. According to Sternberg's theory, Noah's strengths lie in __________ intelligence.

answer

creative

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Appreciation of __________ enables children to pinpoint the reasons that another person arrived at a certain belief.

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second-order false belief

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Which of the following best characterizes Piaget's view of cognitive development in middle childhood?

answer

discontinuous restructuring of children's thinking

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Eight-year-old Goran immigrates to the United States with his family. About how long will it take Croatian-speaking Goran to attain speaking and writing skills in English on a par with his English-speaking agemates?

answer

5-7 years

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Mrs. Rosinski gives each of her children, ages 5, 8, and 12, a shopping list of 10 items. Which of the following results can she expect to see?

answer

Her 12-year-old will probably scan the store before searching for items.

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In a study of the impact of class size on elementary school children, placing teacher's aides in regular-size classes

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has no impact

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intelligence tests can easily underestimate, and even overlook, the intellectual strengths of some children, especially ethnic minorities.

answer

according to sternberg

question

Follow-up research on concrete operational thought shows that when children of the same age are tested, those __________ do better on transitive inference problems.

answer

who have been in school longer

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Gardner's __________ and __________ intelligences include a set of skills for accurately perceiving, reasoning about, and regulating emotion that has become known as emotional intelligence.

answer

interpersonal; intrapersonal

question

Which of the following children shows awareness of classification hierarchies?

answer

Isabel, who spends hours sorting and resorting her collection of bracelets, grouping them first by color, then by size, and finally by shape

question

Adoption studies consistently reveal that

answer

when young children are adopted into caring, stimulating homes, their IQs rise substantially.

question

Accordingly to Case, once the schemes of a Piagetian stage are sufficiently automatic and integrated into an improved representation, children acquire __________ that permit them to think more effectively in a wide range of situations.

answer

central conceptual structures

question

Bilingual chidlren

answer

outperform others on tests of selective attention.

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