Chapters 13 & 17 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
| What does all matter consist of according to kinetic theory? |
answer
| tiny particles that are constantly in motion |
question
| Compared to solids or liquids, gas particles are |
answer
| relatively far apart |
question
| Why is the motion of one particle in a gas independent of the motion of the other particles? |
answer
| no attractive or repulsive forces exist |
question
| Why do gases fill their containers regardless of shape/volume of the containers? |
answer
| their motion is rapid, constant, and random |
question
| How far is a gas particle's path of uninterrupted travel? |
answer
| very short until they collide with another particle or surface |
question
| What happens during an elastic collision? |
answer
| kinetic energy is transferred without loss from one particle to another |
question
| Gas pressure is the result of what? |
answer
| the force exerted by a gas per unit surface area |
question
| A vacuum doesn't have what two things? |
answer
| particles and pressure |
question
| Why does air exert pressure on Earth? |
answer
| gravity holds the particles within the Earth's atmosphere |
question
| Atmospheric pressure is the result of ... |
answer
| collisions of atoms and molecules in air with objects |
question
| What does a barometer measure? |
answer
| atmospheric pressure |
question
| Numerical pressure relationship between three common pressure units |
answer
| 1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 101.3 kPa |
question
| An increase in kinetic energy causes ... |
answer
| an increase in temperature |
question
| Why is average kinetic energy used when discussing the kinetic energy of a collection of particles? |
answer
| particles at a given temperature have a wide range of kinetic energies and most are near the average |
question
| There is a wider range of kinetic energies when the temperature is ... |
answer
| increased |
question
| What would happen to the motion of particles if we could cool them to absolute zero? |
answer
| motion would cease |
question
| Kelvin temperature of a substance is directly proportional to ... |
answer
| the average kinetic energy of the particles of the substance |
question
| vaporization |
answer
| the conversion of a liquid to a gas or vapor |
question
| A liquid to gas conversion at the non-boiling surface of a liquid is ... |
answer
| evaporation |
question
| Why does a liquid evaporate faster when heated? |
answer
| the average kinetic energy of the particles increases |
question
| Vapor pressure |
answer
| measure of the force exerted by a gas above a liquid |
question
| Why does an increase in the temperature of a contained liquid increase its vapor pressure? |
answer
| particles in the warmer liquid have increased kinetic energy |
question
| volatility |
answer
| how easily a liquid evaporates |
question
| manometer |
answer
| a device used to measure vapor pressure of a liquid |
question
| boiling point |
answer
| the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is just equal to the external pressure on the liquid |
question
| Why doesn't a liquid always boil at the same temperature? |
answer
| because a liquid boils when its vapor pressure is equal to external pressure |
question
| Why do boiling points decrease at high altitudes? |
answer
| because atmospheric pressure is lower |
question
| normal boiling point |
answer
| the boiling point of a liquid at a pressure of 101.3 kPa |
question
| What happens inside a solid structure when it is heated? |
answer
| particles move more rapidly |
question
| What water is exactly at 0 degrees Celsius will it be a solid or liquid? |
answer
| neither, it is in equilibrium |
question
| Most solid substances are ... |
answer
| crystalline |
question
| crystalline |
answer
| an orderly, repeating 3D pattern |
question
| unit cell |
answer
| the smallest group of particles within a crystal that retains the geometric shape of the crystal |
question
| three basic types of unit cells |
answer
| simple cubic body-centered face-centered |
question
| allotropes |
answer
| solid substances that can exist in more than one form (same element) |
question
| 3 different allotropes of carbon |
answer
| diamond graphite buckyballs |
question
| amorphous solid |
answer
| it lacks an ordered internal structure (eg rubber) |
question
| sublimation |
answer
| state change directly from solid to gas |
question
| How is energy stored in a chemical? |
answer
| in its chemical bonds |
question
| heat |
answer
| energy that transfers from one object to another because of a temperature difference between the objects |
question
| heat vs. temperature |
answer
| heat is the transferred energy temperature is a measure of heat |
question
| Law of Conservation of Energy |
answer
| energy is neither created or destroyed in any physical or chemical process |
question
| heat capacity |
answer
| amount of heat needed to increase the temperature of an object exactly one degree Celsius |
question
| heat capacity |
answer
| amount of heat needed to increase the temperature of an object exactly one degree Celsius |
question
| specific heat capacity |
answer
| amount of heat needed to increase temperature of 1 gram of a substance one degree Celsius |
question
| calorimetry |
answer
| the measurement of heat flow into or out of a system for physical and chemical processes |
question
| q |
answer
| heat |
question
| C |
answer
| specific heat capacity of water |
question
| m |
answer
| mass of water |
question
| delta T |
answer
| change in temperature |
question
| molar heat of fusion |
answer
| heat absorbed by one mole of solid substance as it melts to a liquid at a constant temperature |
question
| molar heat of vaporization |
answer
| heat required to vaporize one mole of a given liquid at a constant temperature |
question
| phase diagram |
answer
| shows relationship among pressure, temperature, and physical states of water |
question
| heating curve |
answer
| graphically describes the enthalpy changes that take place during phase changes at a constant pressure |
