question

The primary difference between a pirate and a privateer was that privateers received commissions from their government and pirates didn't. (True or False)

answer

True

question

How did the Protestant Reformation encourage the growth of nationalism in Europe?

answer

by encouraging people to identify their religion with their state and their language

question

What did the Dominican friars believe about the native peoples of the Americas?

answer

that they were equal to Spaniards in the eyes of God

question

All of the following factors contributed to the success of early Portuguese maritime expansion EXCEPT:

answer

the creation of joint stock companies to raise money for the voyages.

question

Which areas of the Americas produced the bulk of the silver that fueled global commerce in the sixteenth century?

answer

Mesoamerica and the Andes

question

The two primary images that Europeans established for native peoples in the Americas were of innocents and savages. (True or False)

answer

True

question

What was Europe's contribution to the Atlantic system?

answer

military power and technology

question

How did Ottoman officials assist the caravan trade?

answer

by establishing way stations along caravan routes for refreshment and military protection

question

The first European sugar plantations in the Atlantic world were located _______.

answer

on islands off the West African coast

question

Because its value rose dramatically during and after the Black Death, a key commodity Portuguese traders sought was _______.

answer

gold

question

Diseases from Afro-Eurasia wiped out an estimated _______ of the Native American population during the sixteenth century.

answer

90 percent

question

Why did the Spanish capture of Manila in 1571 inaugurate the first worldwide trade circuit?

answer

Manila gave the Spanish a base to trade New World silver to China, then Chinese goods to Europe.

question

Most slaves on Brazilian sugar plantations:

answer

suffered high mortality rates due to overwork and poor conditions.

question

Which European power led the way in establishing trade connections between East Africa and China?

answer

Portugal

question

All of the following were characteristics of Christopher Columbus's first voyage to the Americas EXCEPT:

answer

he believed he had discovered new lands.

question

The Qing attempted to change Chinese society in all of the following ways EXCEPT:

answer

eating corn and sweet potatoes in the royal court, instead of rice.

question

Which of the following set of goods were introduced to Indians in North America by Europeans?

answer

guns, alcohol, horses

question

The English and French profited from the colonization of the Americas despite the lack of precious metals in their colonies. (True or False)

answer

True

question

What role did Europeans play in the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century slave trade in Africa?

answer

They depended on indigenous political and trading networks that brought slaves to the coasts.

question

How did Dutch merchants contribute to the development of European commerce?

answer

They established a stock exchange, a banking system, and a system for insuring cargoes.

question

African slaves in the Americas resisted the conditions of their enslavement through all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

killing their children so they wouldn't have to live as slaves

question

The system of government established by the Romanov dynasty in seventeenth-century Russia was:

answer

absolutist.

question

How did sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Europeans change Southeast Asian social structures?

answer

by replacing established trade routes with new ones serving European interests

question

What role did Tokugawa Japan's semi-independent "vassal" islands play for Japanese society as a whole?

answer

They served as buffers that helped to define the identity of those who lived in Japan.

question

_______ destabilized the Ottoman Empire during the seventeenth century.

answer

Inflation

question

Which of the following best describes the initial relationship that developed between French colonists and Native Americans?

answer

cooperation and French dependence on Indian knowledge

question

The "Canton system":

answer

only allowed European merchants to trade in the Chinese port of Canton.

question

An important topic among French and English political writers of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries was:

answer

the question of whether sovereignty originates in the king, the nobility, or the people.

question

The common people of Ming China were able to interpret official Chinese social norms for their own purposes and criticize the behavior of officials. (True or False)

answer

True

question

How did Asante kings publicly display their connection to the gods?

answer

by carrying golden spears, maces, and other symbols of power

question

In general, how did Chinese and Islamic rulers respond to new ideas introduced by Europeans during the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries?

answer

They adopted outside knowledge when it suited their purposes, but remained confident in the superiority of their own ways of looking at the world.

question

The peoples of the Islamic world brought some European innovations into their cultures, but mostly saw Europeans as poor, rude barbarians. (True or False)

answer

True

question

How did popular culture in Tokugawa Japan subvert its social order?

answer

It idolized groups such as actors, musicians, and courtesans, who were ordinarily at the bottom of the social hierarchy.

question

During the first half of the eighteenth century, the Ottoman Empire experienced a period of prosperity and delight in worldly things that was known as the _______.

answer

Tulip Period

question

Which of the following did Captain Cook and Christopher Columbus have in common?

answer

Both of them kidnapped native people and took them home to study.

question

When Captain Cook arrived in Australia, it had:

answer

harsh natural conditions and a sparse population.

question

In what way had the Islamic world in the period between 1500 and 1780 changed from its earlier pattern of cultural development?

answer

The Islamic world had developed three distinctive cultural traditions centered around the Mughal, Ottoman, and Safavid empires.

question

Protestants were less aggressive than Catholics in their attempts to convert African slaves to Christianity because they were less likely to believe that it was possible for a person to be both a Christian and a slave. (True or False)

answer

True

question

The Oyo Empire and Benin produced what type of significant artwork?

answer

sophisticated metalwork

question

Which group of people was consigned to the bottom of Enlightenment-era racial hierarchies?

answer

Africans

question

Absolutist governments adopted some Enlightenment ideas even though other ideas challenged absolutist rule. (True or False)

answer

True

question

Adam Smith claimed that universal "laws" of human behavior justified unregulated markets and a laissez-faire economy because:

answer

they allowed human nature to express itself fully.

question

Initially, European colonists were overwhelmingly male in all of the following settlements EXCEPT:

answer

British North America.

question

All of the following were results of the Opium Wars between China and Great Britain EXCEPT:

answer

the British agreed not to export more opium to China.

question

All of the following describes the effect of the industrial revolution in Europe EXCEPT:

answer

The typical factory workers earned enough in wages to eventually start his or her own factory.

question

In industrial workplaces, clocks were used to impose discipline over workers' behavior. (True or False)

answer

True

question

The _______ confirmed Europe's borders and tried to guard against future revolutions.

answer

Congress of Vienna

question

Which area was the world's largest slaveholding region in the mid-nineteenth century?

answer

Africa

question

Tsar Nicholas I used all of the following methods to maintain absolute rule in Russia EXCEPT:

answer

buying the loyalty of the Decembrists with gifts of lands and titles.

question

Which document resulted from elite Americans' fear that their revolution was becoming too radical and threatened to plunge the nation into anarchy?

answer

the Constitution

question

The rule of Napoleon Bonaparte was characterized by:

answer

centralized, efficient administration.

question

According to the new state constitutions established by Americans during their War of Independence, who constituted "the people?"

answer

adult white men who owned property

question

How did the industrial revolution affect Europe's relationships with other parts of the world?

answer

Europe became more powerful by exporting more goods than it imported.

question

The early-nineteenth-century development that reopened the slavery question in the United States was:

answer

westward expansion.

question

The Catholic Church's response to the challenges posed by the Protestant Reformation was known as the _______.

answer

Counter-Reformation

question

The experience of conquering the Aztec Empire taught the Spanish that effective conquest had to be accomplished quickly, completely destroying the indigenous symbols of legitimate authority. (True or False)

answer

True

question

What advantage did the English East India Company's royal charter provide?

answer

exclusive rights to import East Indian goods into England

question

Which of these was NOT a measure of China's prosperity during the Ming dynasty?

answer

the increasing use of paper currency and letters of credit

question

During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, China's major import was:

answer

silver.

question

Which of the following was NOT a component of Pizarro's victory over the Inca?

answer

his well-trained force of twelve thousand men

question

In the early sixteenth century, life in the Aztec Empire included all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

a unified nobility that assured internal cohesion despite external pressures.

question

Why was China's demand for silver so high during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

answer

Silver was used as money.

question

The plantation system of agriculture began in the Caribbean, then spread to Brazil and the Atlantic islands. (True or False)

answer

False

question

During the sixteenth century, what impact did the European presence in the Indian Ocean and South China Sea have on Asian dynasties?

answer

It enhanced their wealth and might.

question

The Dutch East India Company (VOC) sought to establish a monopoly over the trade in:

answer

spices.

question

Why did the Tokugawa shoguns limit foreign traders' access to Japan?

answer

They feared that the growth of trade would orient commercial activity away from the capital.

question

The Atlantic slave trade had the following effects on Africa EXCEPT:

answer

increased cooperation between neighborhood villages.

question

During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the average life expectancy of an African slave brought to the Caribbean was:

answer

three years.

question

The Qing dynasty expanded Chinese control into Tibet and central Asia. (True or False)

answer

True

question

One consequence of the political and economic disorder in the seventeenth-century Ottoman Empire was:

answer

the emergence of breakaway provinces such as Mamluk Egypt.

question

Which country emerged as the world's strongest colonial power after the Seven Years' War?

answer

Great Britain

question

Access to what natural resource allowed the Asante kingdom to begin its growth and development?

answer

gold

question

During the seventeenth century, rising levels of global commerce increased prosperity in the Ming and Mughal empires but also led to:

answer

a decline in central control.

question

How did the commercial network run by the Ekpe society in West Africa enforce the delivery of promised slaves by traders?

answer

holding pawns who, if traders didn't deliver, would be sold instead of the missing slaves

question

After 1715, mercantilist wars were mostly conducted outside of Europe as empires fought over colonial possessions. (True or False)

answer

True

question

The Ottoman tekkes schools that prepared students to become Sufi masters:

answer

promoted social and religious solidarity among the Muslim subjects of the empire.

question

The U.S. Declaration of Independence is an example of what intellectual tradition?

answer

the Enlightenment

question

Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of the French Encyclopedia?

answer

It singled out some regions, such as China, as examples that Europe should aspire to emulate.

question

Europeans considered other literate cultures like the Chinese and Arabs to be civilized, but not those cultures without written languages. (True or False)

answer

True

question

Which of the following statements best characterizes Native American converts to Christianity during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?

answer

They used Christianity to supplement their existing beliefs, not replace them.

question

The Comte de Buffon and fellow Europeans believed that human groups were more or less admirable according to how closely they resembled the people portrayed in which of the following types of artwork?

answer

Greek nude sculptures

question

Unlike Native Americans, the indigenous peoples of Oceania did NOT succumb to Afro-Eurasian diseases when they came into contact with Europeans. (True or False)

answer

False

question

All of the following resulted from efforts to convert African slaves to Christianity EXCEPT:

answer

the majority of European slave owners becoming convinced that Christianizing their slaves was a good idea.

question

All of the following factors contributed to the rise of the Enlightenment EXCEPT:

answer

increased respect for the wisdom of classical and medieval authorities.

question

The most popular books published in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century China were:

answer

study guides for civil service examinations.

question

What characteristic did Enlightenment thinkers believe should be the basis for a person's social status?

answer

talent

question

How did the development of the Ottoman code of administrative law encourage cultural unity within the empire?

answer

It provided a comprehensive, well-understood system of law that bridged differences among the many different social, religious, and legal traditions of the people who lived under Ottoman rule.

question

After the Opium Wars, the British formally colonized China. (True or False)

answer

False

question

British scholars who studied Indian languages, religions, and literatures.

answer

Japanese scholars who studied Chinese languages and literatures.

question

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen extended equal rights to all men, but NOT to women. (True or False)

answer

True

question

Which of the following revolutions began with a successful slave revolt?

answer

Haitian

question

Napoleon's assumption of power marked a return to prerevolutionary absolute monarchy in France. (True or False)

answer

False

question

How did the trade relationship between China and Europe change in the early nineteenth century?

answer

The balance of trade between China and Europe was reversed.

question

In South America, the political revolution against the Spanish monarchy in the early nineteenth century:

answer

became a social struggle among Indians, slaves, mestizos, and whites.

question

By the mid-nineteenth century, global trade had expanded to include which new type of product?

answer

staple goods for everyday use

question

The jobless craftsmen who smashed the machinery that had rendered them unemployed were known as _______.

answer

Luddites

question

How did the English, French, and Dutch acquire a share of New World wealth during the sixteenth century?

answer

They encouraged privateers to steal it from Spanish shipping.

question

The primary goal of the Portuguese in the Indian Ocean was:

answer

to maintain the flow of trade and profit from it by extracting taxes and tributes through the use of cartazes.

question

How did the Spanish crown seek to prevent the growth of a powerful colonial aristocracy in the former Inca Empire?

answer

ruling that encomiendas would revert to the crown on the death of their holders, rather than passing to the heirs

question

The Atlantic system included a complex trade network among:

answer

Europe, Africa, and the Americas.

question

During the sixteenth century, increased global and local commerce allowed Mughal rulers to:

answer

reform their administration and increase the flow of revenue.

question

The movement of the Chinese capital from Nanjing to Beijing weakened the Chinese economy. (True or False)

answer

False

question

Entrepôt cities served as important hubs for:

answer

long-distance trade networks.

question

The ruler who expanded Mughal control over much of the Indian subcontinent was:

answer

Akbar.

question

Which of the following contributed to the decline of Spain as a world power during the sixteenth century?

answer

bankruptcy stemming from costly European wars

question

Why can it be said that Mughal rulers were victims of their own success?

answer

The combination of prosperity and dependence on local elites allowed the local elites to become more autonomous.

question

Which of the following is NEVER an accurate description of Caribbean sugar plantations?

answer

Plantation managers, eager to have a healthy and productive workforce, provided their slaves with a healthy diet.

question

Mercantilist thinkers believed that the purpose of colonies was:

answer

to enrich their European motherlands.

question

Which of the following does NOT describe events in the Kongo kingdom?

answer

The Portuguese decisively defeated Queen Nzinga, opening the country to Portuguese control.

question

Under the French model of absolutism, to whom was the king accountable?

answer

God

question

The wealth generated by the Atlantic system primarily benefited:

answer

European elites.

question

What role did Europeans who adopted Native American cultures play in New World societies?

answer

intermediaries in commerce and diplomatic communication

question

After the shogun lifted the ban on foreign books in his kingdom in 1720, all of the following types of material circulated in Japan EXCEPT:

answer

Enlightenment writings.

question

Enlightenment thinkers believed in the equality of all people. (True or False)

answer

False

question

Members of the Ottoman intellectual elite were interested in and curious about foreign ideas in which of the following areas?

answer

science

question

Peninsulars were:

answer

people born in Spain or Portugal who were living in their American colonies.

question

Who may have been the first European who attempted to classify the peoples of the world?

answer

François Bernier

question

When Europeans argued that Africans should engage in "legitimate trade," they meant:

answer

that Africans should sell raw materials instead of slaves, and buy manufactured goods from Europe.

question

What was Britain's primary export to China by the 1830s?

answer

opium

question

The Ottoman Empire became vulnerable to outside influences because it was in debt to Europeans. (True or False)

answer

True

question

The British East India Company's presence helped India to industrialize in the early nineteenth century. (True or False)

answer

False

question

In the eighteenth century, all of the following were arguments made against the use of the mercantile system EXCEPT:

answer

free trade would increase the power of kings and aristocrats.

question

Both the American Revolution and the French Revolution:

answer

introduced republican forms of government.

question

Nineteenth-century English observers like James and John Stuart Mill thought that Indian people were:

answer

backward and unfit for self-rule.

question

All of the following accurately describe causes or justifications regarding the North American War of Independence EXCEPT:

answer

Many Indians turned to the American revolutionaries to help them resist the aggressive advances of the land-hungry British.

question

What factor contributed to Mexico's declaration of independence in 1821?

answer

loss of faith in the Spanish king's ability to rule effectively

question

The decline of the Atlantic slave trade opened the way for the rise of African merchant princes. (True or False)

answer

True

question

The cultural products of West Africa were increasingly influenced by European styles and techniques introduced over the course of the Atlantic slave trade. (True or False)

answer

False

question

During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, which region of the world saw the emergence of thinkers who believed their understanding of knowledge was universal and objective?

answer

Europe

question

Where did Enlightenment ideas circulate most broadly?

answer

commercial centers and port cities

question

Which of the following was NOT a lasting influence on Tokugawa Japan?

answer

Christianity

question

Francis Bacon's method of scientific inquiry asserted that:

answer

conducting experiments was the only way that humans could begin to understand the workings of nature.

question

Which of the following accurately describes silver in early seventeenth century China?

answer

China's increasing reliance on the global trading system in silver made the Chinese economy vulnerable to dislocation.

question

During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the largest group of immigrants to the Americas came from:

answer

Africa.

question

Which of the following is NOT an accurate match for the source of a globally traded commodity?

answer

silver from China

question

In general, English colonists had a much more antagonistic relationship with Indians in North America than did French colonists. (True or False)

answer

True

question

The Mughal dynasty made a successful effort to develop a naval presence in the Indian Ocean to forestall the growing European influence in the region. (True or False)

answer

False

question

Early Ottoman rulers' decision to avoid trade with the outside world:

answer

led to black markets, making Ottoman rulers dependent on loans of silver from merchants.

question

Under the absolutist system of King Louis XVI of France, the king could overrule his jurists and proclaim law. (True or False)

answer

True

question

What was the Mughal emperors' major source of revenue?

answer

land rents

question

The English colonial model in the New World differed from other European states in that it:

answer

depended on dispossessing Indians from their lands in order to accommodate a growing English settler population hungry for farmlands.

question

All of the following strategies contributed to the early success of the Qing dynasty EXCEPT:

answer

their refusal to grant local forms of administration to the newly acquired territories.

question

Aztec statehood was organized around:

answer

kinship and clan networks.

question

China's economic expansion in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries resulted from:

answer

thriving and elaborate internal trade networks.

question

Which product emerged with silver as one of the most valuable exports from the Americas?

answer

sugar

question

As the Spanish fought against the Aztecs and the Incas, which of the following made the greatest contribution to their overall success?

answer

disease

question

Which of the following theologians preached the doctrine of predestination?

answer

Jean Calvin

question

The first large-scale impact of the Atlantic slave trade to become visible in Africa was the limits it placed on African population growth. (True or False)

answer

True

question

The group that took advantage of the collapse of the Ming dynasty in the seventeenth century to establish the Qing dynasty came from:

answer

Manchuria.

question

Many people who were captured and enslaved in the Atlantic slave trade died before leaving Africa. (True or False)

answer

True

question

All of the following were destinations for slaves captured in sub-Saharan Africa EXCEPT:

answer

Siberia.

question

Which of the following was NOT a source of wealth found by European colonizers in the Americas?

answer

silks and porcelains

question

Which of the following was NOT a way in which culture and the arts were used by artists or their patrons to send a social message between 1500 and 1750?

answer

Mughal painters used styles imported from Europe to communicate their wish for greater cultural openness.

question

Under the Tokugawa, Japanese culture was more open to outside influences than were the cultures of other large Asian empires. (True or False)

answer

True

question

Scholars in the Ottoman Empire carried out important works in the fields of astronomy and physics, as well as history, geography, and politics. (True or False)

answer

True

question

The Mughal emperor Aurangzeb signaled a movement away from the empire's tradition of religious openness by:

answer

ordering that all recently constructed non-Islamic places of worship be torn down.

question

How did the European missionary presence in the Americas differ from the European missionary presence in East Asia?

answer

Missionaries to the Americas were backed up by colonial officials and military power.

question

In general, the slave trade helped to shift wealth toward which African social group?

answer

the warrior class

Chapters 12-15 World History Midterm – Flashcards

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