Chapter quiz 1 – Flashcards
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each half of the Earth, divided either north and south or east and west
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hemisphere
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A set of imaginary lines that run parallel to the equator
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latitude
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alatitudes set of imaginary lines that go around the earth over the poles
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longitude
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an imaginary line that divides the earth into northern and southern halves
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equator
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an imaginary line that divides the earth into eastern/western halves
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prime meridian
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the word geography comes for. a Greek word that means "to describe the earth" how does that meaning help you define Geography
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study of distribution a
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______Is a series of satellites that orbit the earth to pick up geographic data
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LandSAT
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A _________ is a particular type of map that shows natural and man-made features on the earth
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topographical
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A_______ is a way of drawing the earth's surface that reduces distortion caused by converting three dimensions into two dimensions.
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Globe
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_____ is a system that creates specialized maps from digital map information stored in a databank
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Geographical information system
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A_______ is a three-dimensional representation of the earth
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Globe
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What are at least 2 ways in which geographers use technology to gather or use geographical data?
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1.To survey the land 2.To construct maps
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provide absolute location to the user
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GPS (global positioning system)
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type of map that shows features on the earth that humans have created
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political map
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type of map in which geographers present information about a country based on a set of data other than land area
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themetical map
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List 5 themes of geography
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A)Region B)Place C)Location D)Human Enviornment interaction
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The solid rock portion of the earth's surface
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Lithosphere
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A soft layer of molten rock under the earth's surface
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mantle
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the thing layer of rock that coats the earth's surface
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Crust
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the water elements on the earth
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hydrosphere
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the layer of gases that surrounds the earth
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atmosphere
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True or False: Aquifers hold more than 95 percent of the earth's fresh water supply
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False
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True or False: Ground water is held in the pores of rock just below the soil on the earth's surface
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True
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True or False: The earth's surface from the edge of a continent to the deep part of the ocean is called the continental shelf
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True
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True or False:The relief of a landform is its highest point
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False
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True or False: Drainage basins are areas of land from which water flows into small streams and eventually into a major river, on its way to the ocean
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True
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What is the realtionship between ground water and the gydrologic cycle
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When Participation happens in the hydrologic cycle, it goes in the ground, which is part of the hydrologic cycle.
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Moving pieces under the earth;s surface that from the earth's crust are called
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Tectonic Plates
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A seismograph measures the size of the waves caused by
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Earthquakes
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A giant ocean wave that is sometimes caused by an earthquake is called
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tsunami
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Magma can flow out of cracks in the earth's surface as
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Lava
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The flow of magma through cracks in the earth's surface is called
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Volcano
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Why is "Ring of Fire" a particularly appropriate name for the zone around the rim of the pacific Ocean
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It's where 8 plates collide with the pacific
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What is formed when physical or chemical processes weather rock on or near the earth's surface?
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Sediment.
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Which term names the type of weathering that changes the size of a rock but not its composition
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Mechanical
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What is created when a river carries sediment along on its way to the ocean
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delta
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Which term names the organic material that contributes to the fertility of soil?
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humus
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Which term names a process by which moving masses of ice change the topography of a region
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Glaciation
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True or False:The equinoxes are the two times each year that the suns's rays shine directly overhead at noon
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True
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True or False: A region's climate includes the weather conditions that occur there over a long period of time
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True
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True or False: Convectional, orographic, and frontal are the threee classifications of Seasonal Climate
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False
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True or False:In the center of a tornado is a calm, clear area called the "eye."
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False
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True or False:In Asia, a hurricane is known as a Blizzard
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False
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A large circular system of flowing water that moderates a region's climate
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Hydrologic cycle
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A measurement system of the earth that can be divided into three zones: low or tropical, middle or temperate, and high or polar
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Latitude
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the transfer of heat in the atmosphere by the upward motion of air
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Convection
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a periodic climate change that causes the waters off the west coast of South America to warm
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El Nino
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The warming trend that occurs when gases in the atmosphere trap solar energy
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Greenhouse Effect
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The two most significant factors in defining different climates are
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Temperature and precipitation
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The Climate zone in which regions have a rainy season in summer and a dry season in the winter is called
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tropical wet & dry
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A region is categorized as being in the desert climate zone according to the
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precipitation/rainfall less than 10 inches per year
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The flat, treeless lands that form a ring around the Arctic Ocean are called
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Tundra
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When the subsoil of a region is constantly frozen the region has
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Permafrost
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An interdependant community of plants and animals is called
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Ecosystem
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Another name for Broadleaf trees is
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Deciduous
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remember this :O
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Needleaf and Coniferous
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Total of knowledge, shared atttitudes, and behaviors of the members of a specific group of people is their
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Culture
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The spread of ideas and customs from one society to another is called
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diffusion
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If the members of one society decide to adopt a custom that they observe in another society, this process is called
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acculturation
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A religion that involves the belief in many gods is a
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Poly
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A version of a language that includes changes related to class, region, or other cultural changes is called
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Dialect
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True or False: The Mortality rate shows the average number of children a woman would have if she had children at the current rate for her country.
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False
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True or False: To calculate the rate at which a population is growing, demographers subtract the mortality rate from the Fertality rate
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False
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True or False: Population Density refers to the average number of people who live within the boundaries of a specific amount of land, such as a square mile
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True
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True or False:Cultivation refers to the number of organisms a piece of land can support
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False
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True or False: The rate of Natural increase is the rate at which a population grows
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True
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Why, since the era of the earliest societies, have population centers sprung up in coastal regions and river valleys?
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Since there is a water source near, and they're plants and animals.
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A King, queen , or ruling family holds political power
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Monarchy
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Citizens, or their elected representatives, hold political power
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Democracy
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A group of people with a common culture living in a specific location
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Nation
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the government holds all or nearly all of the political power and means of production
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Communism
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an independent unit occupying a specific area and controlling its internal and external affairs
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State
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Geographers developed the field of urban geography to
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Cities, City Structure
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A City, along with its suburbs, and exhurbs, forms
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Metropolitan area
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Urbanization is the
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Dramatic rise in the number of cities and change in lifestyle.
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Basic land use patterns found in all cities include
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residential, industrial, and commercial
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The commercial core of a city is called its
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central buisness district
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What are the functions of a city, and what is its relationship to its suburbs and exurbs?
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church, education, and work. They help maintain the surburbs/exhurbs
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A capitalistic system, in which the production of goods and services is determined by demand from consumers
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Market economy
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The total value of all goods and services produced within the boundaries of a nation over a specified amount of time
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GDP
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The basic support systems needed to keep an economy going, such as transportation, energy, and water
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Infrastructure
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The total value of all goods and services produced by a nation's businesses and industries over a specified amount of time
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GNP
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A planned economic system, in which the government usually owns the means for producing goods and services, and determines rate and type of production
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Command Economy
