chapter 9 science study – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
bacterial enzymes that cut the DNA of viruses are called what
answer
restriction enzymes
question
what technique is used to separate DNA fragments by their size
answer
gel electrophoresis
question
suppose a segment of DNA contains five restriction sites for a particular restriction enzyme. how many fragments of DNA will remain after the enzyme is used to cut the DNA
answer
6
question
what do the bands on a restriction map show
answer
sizes of DNA fragments
question
some restriction enzymes leave behind "sticky ends" or tails of
answer
exposed bases
question
true or false PCR (polymerase chain reaction) requires primers and nueclotides
answer
true
question
the first step to PCR is to heat a DNA molecule to more than 90 c what is the function of this step
answer
to separate the DNA strands
question
the main role of primers during the PCR process is to
answer
provide a starting point for DNA synthesis
question
during each PCR cycle what happens to the number copies of a DNA segment
answer
it double
question
scientists use PCR mainly to
answer
amplify DNA
question
is it true that DNA fingerprint is a type of restriction map
answer
yeah
question
what is the basis for the molecular differences identified by DNA fingerprinting
answer
regions of non coding DNA
question
the pattern on bands on a DNA fingerprint shows the sizes of DNA fragments related to
answer
number of repeat sequences
question
DNA fingerprinting can be used to
answer
prove a family relationship
question
are identical twins an example of clones
answer
yes
question
DNA that contains genes from more than one organism is call
answer
recombinant DNA
question
scientists generally use bacteria in genetic engineering because bacteria can
answer
contain plasmids
question
all genetically engineered organisms
answer
have altered genomes
question
plants that contains recombinant DNA
answer
transgenic
question
the two main goals of the human genome project are two sequence all of the DNA base pairs of the human chromosomes and to
answer
identify all of the genes within the genome
question
gene sequenceing defines the order of
answer
DNA nucleotides in genes or genomes
question
the study of the proteins that result from an organisms genome is called
answer
proteomics
question
describe the use of computer data bases to analyize and organize biological data
answer
bioinformatics
question
DNA microarrays can be used to compare different cell types by showing
answer
patterns of gene expression
question
the main purpose of genetic screening is to
answer
assess the risks of having or carrying a genetic disorder
question
what genetic disorders can be identified through genetic screaning
answer
cystic fibrosis
question
how are viruses used in gene therapy
answer
carry genes into cells
question
the goal of gene therapy is to replace defective or missing genes in order to
answer
treat some genetic disorders
question
what factor has so far kept gene therapy from becoming an effective treatment for genetic disorders
answer
the difficulty of getting new genes to become part of a cells DNA
question
genetic engineering is possible because
answer
all organisms are based on the same genetic code
question
scientist can study the effect of turning a gene by using
answer
gene knock out organisms
question
what is a clone
answer
a genetically identical copy of a gene or organism
question
what technology uses electricity to sort DNA fragments based on their size
answer
gel electrophoresis
question
what process could a scientist use to make an amount of DNA that is large enough to study
answer
polymerase chain reaction
question
what is the study of entire genome
answer
genomics
question
in polymerase chain reactions what acts as the starting point for new DNA strands
answer
primers
question
the restriction enzymes used by scientists to cut DNA molecules at specific necleotide sequences come from
answer
bacteria
question
what experimental techniques involves treating a genetic disorder by replacing a defective gene with a functional gene
answer
gene therapy
question
what goal of the human genome project has been achieved
answer
sequencing all the base pairs of the human chromosomes
question
genetic screening can help determine a persons risk of passing on a genetic disorder through combination of family history and
answer
DNA testing
question
the purpose of genetic engineering is to
answer
give organisms each new traits
question
proteomics is the study an comparisoion of
answer
proteins within and among species
question
transgenic organisms can express the foreign gene because all organisms are based on the same
answer
genetic code
question
what technologies can compare the expression of thousands of genes at once
answer
DNA microarrays
question
using gene knock out organisms can reveal a gene fuction by
answer
showing the effect of turning off a gene
question
to quickly amplify the amount of DNA in a sample
answer
polymerase chain reaction
question
how does gel electrophoresis seperate DNA fragments
answer
according to size
question
what components are required for PCR
answer
two primers
question
what term means the study and comparison of proteins within and among organisms
answer
proteomics
question
bacterial enzymes that cut DNA molecules at specific nucleotides sequences are called
answer
restriction enzymes
question
scientists have inserted the gene for human insulin into plasmids the new plasmids are and example of
answer
recombiant DNA
question
in the human genome project scientists have identified the sequence of base pairs of the human chromosomes and are working to determine the function of
answer
particular genes
question
the proceess of DNA testing to determine the persons risk of having or carrying a genetic disorder is part of
answer
genetic screening
question
what is one of the benefits of genetic engineering of plants
answer
enhanced disease resistance in crops
