Chapter 9 Posttest – Flashcards

A condition in which persons display behaviors typical of autism but to a lesser degree and/or with an onset later than 3 years of age is a. pervasive developmental disorder. b. Asperger syndrome. c. childhood disintegrative disorder. d. Rett syndrome.

The seminal work in the field of autism began in what year? a. 1953 b. 1943 c. 1923 d. 1933

Which term is used to describe disorders similar in many ways to autism? a. autism behavior disorder b. autism developmental disorder c. autism-like disorder d. autism spectrum disorder

According to the APA, in order to be diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, an individual must meet each of these criteria EXCEPT a. evidence of echolalia, a unique language pattern with repetition of words and phrases b. restricted, repetitive pattern of behavior, interests, and activities c. symptoms must be present in early childhood d. clinically significant, persistent defects in social communication and interactions

One characteristic that distinguished children studied by Kanner was a. an inability to relate to others in an ordinary manner. b. surprisingly normal language development. c. a need to be picked up or held by parents. d. an extreme dislike of repetition.

Asperger identified children who had a. below average intelligence and a tendency toward violent, psychotic behavior. b. average intelligence but channeled their intellectual pursuits into obsessive preoccupation in narrow areas. c. above average intelligence but channeled their intellectual pursuits into obsessive preoccupation in narrow areas. d. below average intelligence but remarkable ability in a particular area.

Most scientists argue that the dramatic increase in prevalence statistics for autism is due to each of the following EXCEPT a. a widening of the criteria used for diagnosis. b. a greater awareness of autism in general. c. ʺdiagnostic substitutionʺ (diagnosing with autism rather than intellectual disability). d. widespread use of vaccinations for babies.

Most children with autism can be diagnosed by the age of a. 3 years b. 12 years c. 9 years d. 6 years

Which term was once commonly applied to mothers of children with autism? a. coldhearted moms b. refrigerator moms c. warmhearted moms d. neglectful moms

Which statement about the causes of autism spectrum disorder is true? a. Autism spectrum disorder is likely caused by parental attitudes and behavior. b. Childhood inoculations have been proven to cause autism in some cases. c. Psychoanalytic ideas attribute autism to brain malfunction. d. Scientists have established unequivocally that the cause is neurological.

Neurological research that involves the brain and head size of people with autism strongly suggests that for many a. their brains are larger than average at birth. b. their brains reach maximum size around age two or three years. c. their brains grow suddenly and excessively in the first two years of life. d. their brains increase in size after about age five years.

Jean is a young woman with Asperger syndrome. Her coworker recently lost a family member to cancer. Jean expounded on her knowledge of the cause and effects of the illness, but did not offer condolences, nor did she notice the discomfort she was causing her coworker. Jean's inability to perceive the feelings or to understand the emotional state of her coworker is related to a. theory of executive functioning. b. theory of empathy. c. theory of mind. d. theory of central coherence.

Each of the following is a characteristic that applies generally to individuals who may be said to exhibit autism spectrum disorder EXCEPT a. stereotyped and ritualistic behavior. b. broad range of interests. c. impaired communication. d. impaired social responsiveness.

The social skills that are not taught directly but people are assumed to know, or social rules or conventions that most of us learn incidentally, are what is referred to as the a. hidden curriculum. b. social curriculum. c. undisclosed curriculum. d. secret curriculum.

Children with autism have impaired communication; as many as 50 percent are thought to a. be mute. b. lack communicative intent. c. exhibit echolalia. d. display stereotypic behavior.

Repetitive, ritualistic motor movements such as twirling, flapping hands, and rocking are known as a. impaired communication. b. preoccupation with objects. c. impaired social responsiveness. d. stereotypic behaviors.

Executive functions include all of the following EXCEPT a. working memory. b. ability to conceptualize stimuli as a whole. c. self-regulation of emotions. d. the ability to plan ahead.

Jeremy has severe autism. He does not interact with others socially and his intellectual functioning appears to be very low. However, Jeremy has extraordinary ability as a pianist (though he is not interested in performing for other people). Which term best describes Jeremy? a. Rett syndrome b. Asperger syndrome c. autistic genius d. autistic savant

The way people use language in social situations is a. pragmatics. b. syntax. c. communicative intent. d. semantics.

A person whose sensory perceptions are so abnormal that he or she could appear to be deaf or blind would be a. hyperresponsive. b. overresponsive. c. hypersensitive. d. hyporesponsive.

Functional behavioral assessment is used to reduce or eliminate negative behaviors. The purposes the behaviors serve for a person are a. motivations. b. setting events. c. antecedents. d. consequences.

The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) focuses on a. teaching to more actively initiate responses. b. teaching pivotal skills like self-management. c. teaching pivotal skills like motivation. d. improving relatively severe language problems.

Two critical areas of assessment for students with autism spectrum disorders are a. progress in academic skills and social/adaptive behavior. b. progress in language development and functional skills. c. progress in language development and social/adaptive behavior. d. progress in academic skills and functional skills.

Planning for transition to adulthood for people with Asperger syndrome is largely concerned with issues of a. residential placement. b. social interaction. c. supported living. d. competitive employment.