Chapter 9: Communication and Collaboration in Nursing – Flashcards
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The skill set that includes communication is often referred to as_____.
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interpersonal skills
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_____, a pioneer in nursing theory development, first focused on the importance of the nurse-patient relationship in her 1952 book Interpersonal Relationships in Nursing.
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Hildegard Peplau
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Hildegard Peplau referred to the use of one's personality and communication skills to help patients as the_____.
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therapeutic use of self
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What are the three phases of the nurse-patient relationship?
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orientation, working, termination
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What is imperative for any nurse-patient relationship to begin?
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trust
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assess, early impressions, and learn the nurse's name, credentials, and extent of responsibility
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orientation
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By the end of a successful orientation phase, the patient will have developed enough_____to continue the relationship, the nurse and patient see each other as_____, the patient's perception of major problems and needs will have been_____, and the_____of the relationship will have been estimated.
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trust, individuals, identified, length
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The nurse and patient address tasks outlined in the previous phase (phase).
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working
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alternating periods of intense effort and of resistance to change (period)
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working
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_____is a psychological device that occurs as a reaction to stress and that often precedes positive changes in behaviors.
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regression
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The_____phase includes those activities that enable the patient and the nurse to end their relationship in a therapeutic manner.
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termination
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The termination phase begins in the_____when participants estimate the length of time it will take to accomplish the desired outcomes.
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orientation phase
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summarizing the gains the patient has made (phase)
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termination
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The five ways in which self-disclosure becomes problematic are: if the nurse's_____are disclosed, if the disclosure by the nurse becomes_____, the the disclosure is_____to the patient's problems, if it takes more than a very short_____during interaction with the patient, or if the nurse discloses personal information even if it is clear that the patient is_____about the interaction.
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needs or problems, common, unrelated, time, confused
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Boundary issues were first addressed by_____in the_____.
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Florence Nightingale, Nightingale Pledge
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_____are defined as the spaces between the nurse's power and the client's vulnerability.
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professional boundaries
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Boundary violations occur when there is confusion between the_____of the nurse and those of the client.
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needs
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Developing self-awareness requires individuals to engage in_____.
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personal reflection
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_____are simplistic, distorted images used to describe or characterize groups.
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stereotypes
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_____mean judging a person in advance of knowing him or her, based on stereotypes and biases.
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prejudices
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_____means that nurses acknowledge all patients' rights to be who they are and to express their uniqueness.
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nonjudgmental acceptance
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Therapeutic use of self begins with the ability to convey_____to patients and requires_____and nonjudgmental attitudes on the part of nurses.
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acceptance, self-awareness
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_____is a nurturing way of relating to a valued other, toward whom one feels a personal sense of commitment and responsibility.
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caring
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What are the five caring processes that are essential to nursing practice?
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knowing, being with, doing for, enabling, maintaining belief
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_____is the exchange of thoughts, ideas, or information and is at the heart of all relationships.
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communication
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_____consists of all the modes of behavior that one individual employs, conscious or unconscious, to affect another: not only the spoken and written word, but also gestures, body movement, somatic signals, and symbolism in the arts.
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communication
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What are the two levels of communication?
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verbal, nonverbal
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When_____communication occurs, the verbal and nonverbal aspects match and reinforce each other.
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congruent
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When_____communication occurs, the words and nonverbal communication do not match.
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incongruent
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What are the five elements that must be present for communication to occur?
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sender, message, receiver, feedback, context
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What are the three major operations that occur in communication?
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perception, evaluation, transmission
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_____is the selection, organization, and interpretation of incoming signals into meaningful messages.
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perception
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_____is the analysis of received information.
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evaluation
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_____refers to the expression of information, verbal or nonverbal.
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transmission
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_____language consists of crying, reddening of the skin, fast and shallow breathing, facial expressions, and jerking of the limbs.
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somatic
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_____language consists of reaching out, pointing, crawling toward a desired object, or closing the lips and turning the head when an undesired food is offered.
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action
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What type of language develops last?
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verbal
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What are the four major criteria for successful communication?
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feedback, appropriateness, efficiency, flexibility
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The communicator bases messages on the immediate situation rather than preconceived expectations (criteria for successful communication).
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flexibility
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_____consists of awareness to, and identification with the feelings of another person.
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empathy
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Empathy is different from sympathy in that the_____nurse enters into the feeling with the patient, whereas the_____nurse appreciates the patient's feelings but is not swept along with the feelings.
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sympathetic, empathic
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Nurses should employ_____to allow patients to answer fully rather than with "yes" and "no." An example: "Tell me about your pain" is more effective than "Are you in pain?"
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open-ended questions
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The nurse using_____is serving as a mirror for the patient.
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reflection
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The several common causes of communication breakdown are a failure to see the_____of the individual, failure to recognize levels of_____, using_____and cliches, giving_____, and failing to_____.
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uniqueness, meaning, value statements, false reassurance, clarify
