Chapter 9-12 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Male assented
answer
Are three times more often to be in violent crimes because they are raised to be more aggressive.
question
Report violent crimes
answer
Only 50%
question
Albert Cohen
answer
He contended that gangs develop a delinquent subculture.
question
Charles Cooley
answer
Developed a labeling theory with his looking glass self-concept. (If you are called a trouble maker then you get in trouble and start it.)
question
Phrenologists
answer
Maintained that criminal behavior was related to the size and shape of the human skull
question
Organized crime
answer
The Mafia developed largely during the 1920's and 1930's when criminal groups organized to supply illegal alcohol during prohibition.
question
Embezzlement
answer
Occurs at all levels of business, from a clerk stealing from petty cash to the president of a company stealing large investment sums.
question
White collar crime
answer
American society, unfortunately, is generally tolerant of this.
question
Raped-reporting
answer
A danger to society of underreporting rape is that the rapist is less likely to fear apprehension and thus more likely to seek out other victims.
question
Statutory rape
answer
In some states a change of statutory rape can be made on the basis of sexual contact other than sexual intercourse (such as oral-genital contact)
question
Trafficked
answer
According to the US state department between 600,000 and 800,000 men, women, and children are trafficked across international borders annually, and millions more are trafficked within their own country.
question
Murder
answer
Contrary to public stereotypes, the majority of murders occurs between relatives, friends, and acquiesces.
question
Higher rated murder
answer
The police have a higher arrest rate (around 70%) in homicides case than other crimes.
question
Crime statistic
answer
About 20% of all people arrested are under age 18.
question
Death penalty arguments
answer
1. It constitutes cruel and unusual punishment, being the ultimate punishment; 2. It the convicted person is later found incent, the penalty is irreparable; 3. The "eye for an eye" approach is inconsistent with civilized, humanitarian ideas; 4. The "right to life" is basic right that should not be infringed on; 5. appears to assigned in a discriminatory manor (blacks, Latino, more than whites)
question
Effects of various sentencing
answer
Suggestions to improve include 1. shorting the time between arrest, conviction, and punishment; 2. imposing harsher sentences; 3. permanently imprisoning repeat offenders; 4. increasing prosecution of white collar criminals; 5. creating uniform sentences; 6. decriminalizing victimless offenses 7. Imposing stricter gun control.
question
Brady Bill
answer
In 1993 was enacted, which requires that gun buyers wait 5 business days and undergo a background check by police.
question
Diversion program
answer
Have therefore been developed in number of communities to divert first-time or minor offenders from entering the criminal justice system; as an alternative, they receive services from community agencies.
question
The goal of transitional programs
answer
Is for inmates to maintain and develop strong ties to the noncriminal elements in their home community. The programs seek to reduce or alleviate the negative effects of incarceration and provide opportunities and resources for rehabilitation
question
Presentence report
answer
Is a social history of the offender that is prepared by a probation or parole officer, to help guide the judge in sentencing.
question
Social work in criminal justice
answer
Has been on the correctional component.
question
Offenders
answer
Are highly skilled in "conning" the professional staff through persuasion, deceit, and manipulation.
question
Social worker need to be aware
answer
That many offenders who request professional assistance have no genuine interest in self-improvement but seek to manipulate the worker.
question
Student from middle and upper class
answer
Tend to achieve higher grades, stay in school longer, and get higher scores on standardized achievement tests.
question
The Pygmalion Effect
answer
Means "self-fulfilling prophecy". When the students were retested 8 months later, those who had been expected to be remarkable achievers showed a significantly greater increase in IQ scores than the others. The researcher concluded that this increase was due to the higher expectorations of the teachers, who then worked more intensively with these students.
question
Study by Rutter
answer
found that high-quality schools: a. Maintained high academic standards b. Had well-understood and well-enforced discipline standards And yet created a comfortable and supportive atmosphere for students.
question
The critical thinking movement
answer
encourages students to make observations
question
The initial results of the "No Child Left Behind" program
answer
1. Has replaced responsible teaching in some schools with preparing students to take the reading and math tests 2. Include a greater focus on quality of instruction
question
"NCLB"
answer
Reading and math scores of students have improved. Improves quality of instruction by requiring schools to implement "scientically based research" practices in the classroom, parent's involvement programs, and professional development activities for those students that are not expected to attend college.
question
Charter schools
answer
are publicly-funded elementary or secondary schools in the United States that have been freed from the regulations, rules, and statutes that apply to other public schools, in exchange for some type of accountability for producing certain results
question
Alfie Kohn
answer
Although the learning of facts and skills will occur, he asserts the key product of learning is the development of the ability to critically, creatively, and individually think and problem solve.
question
Regarding the "No Child Left Behind" program
answer
President Obama states that assessments used to track student progress need to be revised to measure readiness for college and the workplace.
question
Since the tragedy of Columbine high school
answer
Threat assessment is now part of a school social worker's new role.
question
An Individualized Education Program (IEP)
answer
For each student who is found to be eligible for special education services is required and must be designed to meet the unique educational needs of each child in the least restrictive environment.
question
Individualized Education Program team
answer
must include each of the following : The child's parents, Special education teacher, Social worker, or school psychologist, or school administrator
question
The Education for All Handicapped Children (Individuals with Disabilities Act):
answer
The law Mandated that all school districts identify students with these problems and developed specialized programs
question
Disenchanted teachers
answer
30% of new teachers leave within their first 5 years in the profession.
question
Justification of slavery
answer
The Greeks therefore used slaves and justified slavery on the grounds that it freed citizen to spend their time in philosophic contemplation and cultural enrichment.
question
History of work
answer
They viewed the working as doing pence for original Sin. (The Christian interpretation of the Bible asserts the original sin began with Adam and Eve disobeying God in the Garden of Eden).
question
High regard
answer
There remains a strong link between amount of income and sense of personal worth. The more people are paid, the more highly they are regarded by others and the more highly they regard themselves.
question
Work Situation
answer
White collar workers, the emergence of an employee society, specialization, the increase in women in the workforce, the emphasis on intrinsic rewards, the emphasis on high technology, the growth of low-paying jobs, and outsourcing in a global factory.
question
Types of industry
answer
Primary industry is gathering or extracting of undeveloped natural resources, such as farming, mining, or fishing. Secondary industry involves turning raw materials into manufactured goods, such as processed food, steel, and automobiles. Tertiary industry involves service activities of one kind or another, such as dental care, medical services, automobile maintenance, sales and pest control
question
Technology
answer
Is a double edged sword every major technological innovation has both freed humans from previous hardship and created new, unanticipated problems.
question
Alienation
answer
Not being involved in decision-making process and being aware that supervisors do not want workers to make waves also lead to feelings of powerlessness and meaninglessness.
question
Effects of alienation
answer
Many authorities believe that alienation leads to acts of disruption in the production process work of poor quality, high rates of absenteeism, and vandalism or thief of company property.
question
Democratic management
answer
Goes even further it systematically allows employee groups to make a number of majors decisions, An example of democratic management is the practice of allowing work teams to hire, orient, and train new employees.
question
Quality circles
answer
Are work improvement task forces in which managers and employees meet regularly to allow employees to air grievance to identify problems that hinder productivity, and to offer suggestions for alleviating these concerns.
question
Employee Assistance Programs EAP
answer
Helps with retirement planning, alcohol and drug counseling, counseling for emotional difficulties, family counseling, career counseling and education, and credit counseling.
question
Job stress
answer
Most textbooks in medicine assert that stress is a contributing factor in 50% to 80% of all diseases.
question
The EAP movement
answer
Had its roots in the development of alcoholism programs in the 1930's and 1940's.
question
Unemployment
answer
As a result, many of the unemployed see friends less, cease participating in community life, and become increasingly isolated.
question
Depression and unemployment
answer
The suicide rate increases, indicating an increase in depression, Also higher during times of high unemployment are divorce rate, the incidence of abuse, and the number of peptic ulcers.
question
Effect of being unemployed
answer
Being laid off or fired is often interpreted by the unemployed as a sign of being incompetent or worthless
question
Chronically high unemployment rates
answer
These groups include African Americans, Latinos, teenagers, women, older workers the unskilled, the semiskilled and people with disability.
question
Racism
answer
Is stereotyping and generalizing about people, usually negatively, because of their race; it is also frequently a basis of discrimination against members of racial minority groups.
question
Stereotypes
answer
Involves attributing a fixed and usually inaccurate or unfavorable conception to a racial or ethnic group.
question
Ethnic Racal background
answer
African Americans in the United States comprise the highest number of Muslims.
question
Institutional Discrimination
answer
Is prejudicial treatment in organizations based on official policies, overt behaviors that may be covert but approved by those in power.
question
Pinderhughes
answer
Has noted that the history of slavery and oppression of African Americans, combined with racism and exclusion, has produced a victim system
question
Discrimination
answer
Also have high costs for the majority groups. It impairs intergroups cooperation and communication
question
The effect of Discrimination
answer
Are even reflected in life expectancy. The life expectancy on a non-white is several years less than that of whites in the united states.
question
United States
answer
Has always been a racist nation.
question
Chattel
answer
The life of a slave was harsh. Slaves were viewed not as human beings but as this to be bought and sold.
question
Brown Vs the board of education
answer
In 1954 a major turning point in civil rights history when racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional.
question
Jim Crow
answer
A rigid case system in the south hardened into a system of oppression.
question
Native Americans
answer
On reservations have high rates of suicide, alcoholism, illiteracy, poverty, homicide, child neglect, and infant mortality.
question
Bureau of Indian Affairs BIA
answer
Native Americans received the most paternalistic treatment by the government of all the minorities. This group for years had programs designed to destroy Native Americans culture , religion, and language.
question
National Association of Social workers NASW
answer
In 2001 approved 10 standard cultural competences in social work practice here are three of them. 1. Serve delivery 2. Empowerment and advocacy 3. Professional Education
question
Melting Pot
answer
Is strictly speaking, a rather different concept, which views the future American society not as a modified England but rather as a totally new blend both culturally and biologically, of all various groups that inhabit the United States, In practice, the melting pot been of only limited significance in the American experience.
question
Cultural Pluralism
answer
Implies a series of coexisting groups each preserving its own tradition and culture, but each loyal to an overarching American nation.