Home Page Social Science Psychology Abnormal Psychology Chapter 8 Abnormal Psychology Treatments for Depressive and Bipolar disorders - Flashcards

Chapter 8 Abnormal Psychology Treatments for Depressive and Bipolar disorders – Flashcards

Q: Which of the following is the BEST example of the therapy technique known as behavioral activation?

adding positive activities to the patient\'s life

Isabel Padilla

7 July 2022

question

About what percentage of clients with uni polar depression receive treatment from a mental health professional each year?

answer

50 percent

question

A therapist using free association and dream interpretation discovers that as a small child her patient had been left alone by her mother on several occasions, and concludes that the patient is experiencing unipolar depression. The therapist is MOST likely from which orientation?

answer

psychodynamic

question

Which of the following is an example of an aspect of psychodynamic therapy for depression? A) A therapist questions a client about losses she may have suffered in her past. B) Every time the client says anything a little positive to his therapist, the therapist smiles. C) The therapist questions a client about the frequency and nature of her daily activities, including those that give her pleasure. D) The therapist attacks the irrationality of a client's beliefs about himself.

answer

C. A therapist questions a client about losses she may have suffered in her past.

question

Which of the following statements about psychodynamic therapy in treating unipolar depression is MOST accurate? A) Carefully controlled, multiple-participant studies validate the success of this therapy. B) Not even case studies support the effectiveness of this therapy. C) Long-term therapy is only occasionally helpful to those with unipolar depression. D) Short-term therapy is less effective than long-term therapy.

answer

C. Long-term therapy is only occasionally helpful to those with unipolar depression

question

If a therapist asked you to say whatever came to mind, then suggested interpretations designed to help you work through grief over real or imagined losses, your therapist would be using:

answer

psychodynamic therapy.

question

What do psychodynamic therapists believe is the cause of unipolar depression?

answer

unconscious grieving over real or imagined loss

question

The best evidence for the effectiveness of the psychodynamic approach comes from:

answer

case study reports.

question

Free association, interpretation of associations, and dream interpretation are all techniques used primarily by:

answer

psycho dynamic therapists.

question

Among the reasons cited for so many college students experiencing emotional problems are all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

a lack of sensitivity to the issue by admissions counselors.

question

If your therapist tried to reintroduce you to pleasurable activities, reinforced nondepressive actions, and improved your social skills, your therapist would be using:

answer

Behavioral Therapy

question

Increasing pleasant activities is MOST likely to be a part of a _______ therapy program

answer

behavioral

question

Which of the following is important in using contingency management effectively?

answer

Make sure that the person receives reinforcement for engaging in positive activities

question

Behavioral therapy for the treatment of uni polar depression may include:

answer

reinforcing non depressed behavior

question

A behavioral therapist is MOST likely to use which of the following in treating a patient with uni polar depression?

answer

praise for engaging in positive activities

question

Which of the following is the BEST example of the therapy technique known as behavioral activation?

answer

adding positive activities to the patient's life

question

Behaviorists would be MOST likely to say that depressed people must improve their social skills because:

answer

positive reinforcement is given to people who exhibit positive social behavior.

question

A therapist turns on a buzzer when a client speaks slowly and laboriously. She turns it off when the client speaks more rapidly. In other cases the therapist instructs the client's spouse to ignore his mate when she complains or acts in a self-deprecating manner. This is an example of:

answer

behavioral therapy

question

Arron's persistent feelings of sadness and impending doom dominate his life. Every time he says anything even a little positive to his therapist, the therapist smiles. Otherwise the therapist has a stone face. This therapist is probably using some variation of:

answer

behavioral therapy.

question

The contingency management approach is an example of the application of ______ to the treatment of depression.

answer

reinforcement

question

Which one of the following is MOST consistent with a contingency management approach?

answer

praising the person for engaging in non depressive activities

question

Focusing on the addition of positive activities to a depressed patient's life is a behavioral technique known as:

answer

praising the person for engaging in non-depressive activities

question

Current research regarding the effectiveness of behavioral therapy for depression is MOST consistent with which of the following statements?

answer

Using a combination of behavioral techniques works better than using just one.

question

José is depressed. His therapist told him that reading a book each month would help. He should also visit friends, go bowling, do the laundry, mow the lawn, and eat meals with his wife. In short, he should increase his positive activity. His therapist MOST likely reflects the ______ orientation.

answer

behavorial

question

What kind of uni-polar depression is behavioral treatment MOST effective in treating?

answer

mild depression

question

A therapist treating a patient for depression first finds out what activities the client once found pleasurable. These activities are then reintroduced into the patient's daily schedule. Which type of therapy is this therapist using?

answer

behavioral therapy

question

Which of the following is a correct match of person and approach?

answer

Beck and cognitive therapy

question

If your therapist concentrated on helping you recognize and change negative thoughts and thus improve your mood, your therapist would be using:

answer

cognitive therapy

question

A person experiencing unipolar depression writes the following in an activity schedule, "Go to store; doctor's appointment; visit museum; read novel; clean room." What treatment approach is this person MOST likely receiving?

answer

cognitive therapy

question

The "increasing activities and elevating mood" phase of Beck's treatment for depression:

answer

makes the therapy cognitive-behavioral rather than purely cognitive

question

A depressed individual receiving therapy is told that many, even most of the negative thoughts that an individual experiences and records, have no basis in fact. MOST likely, the therapist is:

answer

challenging automatic thoughts

question

Which of the following is NOT a part of Beck's cognitive therapy for uni-polar depression?

answer

discussion with family members about their maladaptive thoughts

question

Which of the following would a cognitive therapist be LEAST likely to say to you?

answer

Try to evaluate what happens to you in "black and white terms"

question

"I do not know why you think you are a terrible surgeon. You have not lost a patient during an operation in two years. No one else in the city has that kind of record." Which of the following orientations is MOST likely to describe the therapist who made this statement?

answer

cognitive

question

Clients who tend to see everything that occurs as either all right or all wrong, with nothing in between, need to focus on which phase of Beck's treatment for depression?

answer

Identifying negative thoughts and biases

question

Clients who test their assumptions about what is causing their depression are working in which phase of Beck's treatment program?

answer

changing primary attitudes

question

Which one of the following statements is MOST consistent with the use of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for depression?

answer

Accepting negative thoughts and working with them is preferable to rejecting them entirely

question

Which of the following is true about the research on the effectiveness of cognitive therapy in treating unipolar depression?

answer

It nearly eliminates depressive symptoms in 50 to 60 percent of the cases.

question

Which of the following is TRUE about research on the effectiveness of cognitive therapy for treating uni-polar depression?

answer

Research studies show its effectiveness

question

Many of today's cognitive-behavioral therapists would agree that:

answer

Negative cognitions should be accepted, not necessarily eliminated

question

Which of the following is NOT a goal of the cultural-sensitive therapy movement?

answer

therapy for minority clients delivered exclusively by minority therapists

question

If you are a minority, you are:

answer

likely to benefit from culturally sensitive therapy.

question

Which of the following is the BEST example of interpersonal role transition?

answer

going away to college for the first time

question

Why is interpersonal psychotherapy considered to be a sociocultural approach?

answer

Depression is thought to result from disrupted social interactions and role expectations.

question

If your therapist encouraged you to explore your roles in life and how they might be changing, or how your expectations might be different from someone else's, your therapist would be using:

answer

interpersonal therapy

question

A woman who is in conflict with her husband over whether she should have a career or stay at home full-time to care for their children is experiencing:

answer

interpersonal role dispute

question

A person who displays extreme shyness and insensitivity to others is showing signs of:

answer

interpersonal deficits

question

Which interpersonal problem area identified by interpersonal psychotherapists is MOST like the cause of depression suggested by psychoanalysis?

answer

interpersonal loss

question

Interpersonal psychotherapists believe that therapy must address:

answer

role transitions in relationships

question

Tomas has withdrawn from most social contacts because he never seems to be able to say the right thing. He just doesn't seem to fit in. His comments are always misinterpreted. He feels alone and is depressed. This is an example of what interpersonal psychotherapists refer to as an:

answer

interpersonal deficit

question

Tony just does not feel close to anyone. He feels alone because although he can get to know someone (a woman) quite well on a friendship level, he doesn't know how to get beyond that to a more intimate level. This is depressing him. This is an example of what interpersonal psychotherapists refer to as an:

answer

interpersonal deficit

question

Which of the following is TRUE about the research on the effectiveness of interpersonal psychotherapy in treating unipolar depression?

answer

It nearly eliminates symptoms in 50 to 60 percent of cases

question

According to research studies, the success rate for interpersonal therapy is about the same as that for:

answer

cognitive therapy

question

About what percentage of people receiving treatment for depression are in dysfunctional relationships?

answer

50 percent

question

If the focus of your therapist is primarily on how communication and problem-solving difficulties with your partner are contributing to your depression, your therapist is using:

answer

couple therapy

question

If you are receiving therapy designed to teach you and your spouse specific communication and problem-solving skills, your therapist is practicing:

answer

behavioral marital therapy

question

When is couple therapy preferable to individual therapy?

answer

when the relationship conflicts and role transitions are paramount

question

Which of the following is not an example of a biological treatment for depression?

answer

contingency management

question

If you live in the United States, you can be assured that:

answer

you will be exposed to advertisements from the multi-billion-dollar dietary supplement industry

question

Typical consumers of nutraceuticals:

answer

have easy access to a variety of products

question

Which of the following is the MOST effective dietary supplement/disorder pairing?

answer

ginkgo Bilbao for treating dementia

question

The nutraceutical SAM-e:

answer

is used for treating depression

question

If a friend is considering nutraceuticals for the treatment of depression, your BEST advice would be:

answer

"St. John's wort should only be used for mild or moderate cases of depression."

question

St. John's wort:

answer

is inexpensive compared to pharmaceuticals

question

What is the average length of time for the treatment of major depressive disorder with ECT?

answer

2-4 weeks

question

If you were treated with ECT, you would experience a(n):

answer

brain seizure

question

In the bilateral ECT, the electrical current passes through:

answer

both sides of the brain

question

Which patient group was the first treated with ECT?

answer

psychotic patients

question

Ugo Cerletti, the first psychiatrist to use ECT effectively, later abandoned the procedure, MOST likely because of:

answer

the likelihood that convulsions caused by it would result in broken bones and dislocated joints

question

ECT (electroconvulsive therapy) has changed over the years. Patients given this treatment now may receive:

answer

muscle relaxants

question

Today, electroconvulsive therapy:

answer

also involves the use of muscle relaxants

question

One of the side effects of ECT is:

answer

memory loss

question

Which of the following is the MOST important reason for the decline in the use of electroconvulsive therapy since the 1950s?

answer

antidepressant drugs were developed

question

People who take MAO inhibitors and want to decrease the risk of negative side effects would make the greatest changes in which aspect of life?

answer

what they eat

question

An individual receiving a treatment for depression is happier because of higher levels of norepinephrine in his or her brain. What treatment is this person MOST likely receiving?

answer

an MAO inhibitor

question

Corrina took an antidepressant and then ate a meal. Shortly thereafter her blood pressure skyrocketed and she felt faint. Which of the following is MOST likely to be true?

answer

She ate something containing tyramine.

question

If you had high blood pressure, you would want to be especially careful when using:

answer

MAO inhibitors

question

MAO inhibitors work by:

answer

blocking MAO from breaking down norepinephrine

question

MAO inhibitors are biochemical agents that alleviate depressive symptoms in approximately half of the clinically depressed patients who take them. What is the mechanism of action of these drugs?

answer

They interfere with the destruction of norepinephrine.

question

Which of the following is MOST likely to elevate the mood in a depressed person?

answer

an increase in the levels of norepinephrine

question

How do monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors work?

answer

They increase supplies of norepinephrine in neurons.

question

Researchers were searching for drugs to treat schizophrenia when they came across imipramine, which alleviated the symptoms of depression, although it was not effective against schizophrenia. It became the first of a class of drugs, all sharing a similar molecular structure, called:

answer

tricylics

question

The mechanism of action of imipramine is to:

answer

block reuptake of norpinephrine and serotonin

question

In order to effectively reduce the chances of relapse of depressive symptoms, patients should:

answer

continue to take tricylics after they are symptom-free.

question

Apparently tricyclics work by:

answer

blocking the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin

question

"Second-generation" antidepressant medications include:

answer

Anafranil and Eldepryl

question

A person who is recovering from depression continues to take tricyclic medication for several months after most symptoms are gone. This is called:

answer

maintenance therapy, and is often necessary to keep symptoms from reappearing

question

Which of the following best represents how tricyclics work?

answer

tricylic ingested, smaller amounts of norepinephrine and serotonin released, normal amounts of norepinephrine and serotonin released, reuptake triggers more neural firing

question

Second-generation anti-depressants appear to act by:

answer

selectively blocking the re-uptake of serotonin

question

Second-generation antidepressants:

answer

target specific neurotransmission reuptake

question

Compared to earlier antidepressant drugs, "second-generation" antidepressant drugs:

answer

do not work either faster or more effectively

question

A clinician says at a workshop, "I prefer the most recently developed antidepressant medications, because they're harder to overdose on, and they don't require dietary restrictions." This statement is:

answer

accurate

question

A person taking antidepressant medication is starting to gain weight, and reports decreasing interest in sexual activity. These changes are MOST common among people taking what kind of antidepressant medication?

answer

second-generation anti-depressants

question

Therapists who treat African American clients for depression need to be aware that their clients are:

answer

less likely to receive newer second-generation drugs.

question

White Americans receiving Medicaid are:

answer

more likely than African Americans to be prescribed antidepressant medication, but may be less likely to respond to the medication

question

How likely are Medicaid recipients to be prescribed antidepressant medication?

answer

White Americans more often than Hispanic Americans; Hispanic Americans more often than African Americans

question

Among the biological treatments for depression, the one that uses an implanted pulse generator is:

answer

vagus nerve stimulation

question

Vagus nerve stimulation is MOST similar to:

answer

ECT

question

Studies show that individuals with severe depression who have not benefited from more conventional treatments are about how likely to improve from using vagus nerve stimulation?

answer

40 percent

question

In which of the treatments for depression is a stimulating current sent through a patient's prefrontal cortex?

answer

TMS

question

______ is a treatment in which tiny holes are drilled into the skull through which electrodes are implanted into the brain.

answer

Deep brain stimulation

question

What do ECT, vagus nerve stimulation, and transcranial magnetic stimulation have in common?

answer

They suggest that brain stimulation is effective in treating severe forms of depression.

question

There has been a significant increase in the number of physicians prescribing antidepressants in the past few decades:

answer

despite the success of cognitive therapy

question

Conclusions from extensive studies of the effectiveness of various forms of treatment for depression show that:

answer

Cognitive, cognitive-behavioral, interpersonal, and biological treatments are the best, and about equally effective

question

Outcome studies on treatments for depression, comparing drug treatments with cognitive and cognitive-behavioral therapies, show that:

answer

Cognitive therapies are better at preventing relapses unless the drug therapy is continued even after the patient has improved

question

The key to long-term treatment of depression is:

answer

some sort of maintenance therapy

question

Research now suggests that once someone has been successfully treated for depression he or she:

answer

needs some type of continuation or maintenance therapy

question

Recent research indicates that behavioral therapy is the treatment of choice only:

answer

over placebo treatment

question

Which of the following would a psychodynamic therapist be MOST likely to say about studies regarding the effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy for depression?

answer

The therapy does not lend itself to empirical research.

question

Your BEST advice to a friend who is experiencing severe depression would be:

answer

"Try combining cognitive therapy with drug therapy."

question

What would be your BEST recommendation (i.e., MOST scientifically valid) about behavioral therapy for someone experiencing depression?

answer

It is better than nothing, but that's about it.

question

What would be your BEST recommendation (i.e., MOST scientifically valid) about behavioral therapy for an adolescent experiencing depression?

answer

Use a combination of drug therapy and cognitive therapy.

question

Which of the following is NOT true about the use of ECT and drug therapies for treating depression?

answer

ECT is likely to prescribed first, and if it doesn't work, then drugs are prescribed.

question

Which of the following treatments produces the fastest results in the biological treatment for unipolar depression?

answer

electroconvulsive therapy

question

Electroconvulsive therapy would be MOST recommended when:

answer

the patient has not responded to antidepressant drugs

question

What is currently true about pharmaceutical companies regarding their ads for medications in the United States?

answer

They must recommend that patients consult with their doctors about taking the drugs in their ads.

question

Rosita swings between periods of bottomless depressions and high-flying enthusiasm. She never hits the middle. Her physician is MOST likely to recommend treatment with:

answer

lithium

question

The effects of lithium were discovered during the investigation of:

answer

the effect of toxic levels of uric acid

question

If a person taking lithium began experiencing nausea, vomiting, sluggishness, tremors, and seizures, one would suspect:

answer

the person was experiencing lithium intoxication

question

At least ______ of manic patients treated with lithium improve.

answer

60 percent

question

Lithium has been found to:

answer

enhance the effectiveness of antidepressant drugs in unipolar depression

question

A person with bipolar disorder is taking a commonly used drug to stabilize mood in the manic episodes. What else might also happen as a result of taking this drug?

answer

the person might experience at least partial relief from depressive episodes

question

All of the following about lithium as a treatment for bipolar disorder are true, EXCEPT that:

answer

it interferes with the effectiveness of anti-depressant medications

question

Lithium appears to affect:

answer

neuron's second messengers

question

Second messengers are:

answer

active inside the neuron

question

You would expect to see the biggest impact of lithium on which part of the neuron?

answer

the firing of the receiving neuron

question

The combination of lithium and psychotherapy is better than lithium treatment alone. This therapeutic addition is called:

answer

adjunctive psychotherapy

question

Which one of the following is the BEST example of adjunctive therapy?

answer

A patient is receiving both drug therapy and interpersonal therapy with his or her family.

question

The best treatment recommendation you could give someone experiencing bipolar disorder is:

answer

drug therapy, perhaps accompanied by psychotherapy

question

Which one of the following is a likely reason for using adjunctive therapy to treat bipolar disorder?

answer

People stop taking lithium because they feel more productive and creative without taking it.

question

Which of the following is an example of effective adjunctive therapy for bipolar disorder?

answer

individual or group therapy

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question

About what percentage of clients with uni polar depression receive treatment from a mental health professional each year?

answer

50 percent

question

answer

psychodynamic

question

answer

C. A therapist questions a client about losses she may have suffered in her past.

question

answer

C. Long-term therapy is only occasionally helpful to those with unipolar depression

question

If a therapist asked you to say whatever came to mind, then suggested interpretations designed to help you work through grief over real or imagined losses, your therapist would be using:

answer

psychodynamic therapy.

question

What do psychodynamic therapists believe is the cause of unipolar depression?

answer

unconscious grieving over real or imagined loss

question

The best evidence for the effectiveness of the psychodynamic approach comes from:

answer

case study reports.

question

Free association, interpretation of associations, and dream interpretation are all techniques used primarily by:

answer

psycho dynamic therapists.

question

Among the reasons cited for so many college students experiencing emotional problems are all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

a lack of sensitivity to the issue by admissions counselors.

question

If your therapist tried to reintroduce you to pleasurable activities, reinforced nondepressive actions, and improved your social skills, your therapist would be using:

answer

Behavioral Therapy

question

Increasing pleasant activities is MOST likely to be a part of a _______ therapy program

answer

behavioral

question

Which of the following is important in using contingency management effectively?

answer

Make sure that the person receives reinforcement for engaging in positive activities

question

Behavioral therapy for the treatment of uni polar depression may include:

answer

reinforcing non depressed behavior

question

A behavioral therapist is MOST likely to use which of the following in treating a patient with uni polar depression?

answer

praise for engaging in positive activities

question

Which of the following is the BEST example of the therapy technique known as behavioral activation?

answer

adding positive activities to the patient's life

question

Behaviorists would be MOST likely to say that depressed people must improve their social skills because:

answer

positive reinforcement is given to people who exhibit positive social behavior.

question

answer

behavioral therapy

question

answer

behavioral therapy.

question

The contingency management approach is an example of the application of ______ to the treatment of depression.

answer

reinforcement

question

Which one of the following is MOST consistent with a contingency management approach?

answer

praising the person for engaging in non depressive activities

question

Focusing on the addition of positive activities to a depressed patient's life is a behavioral technique known as:

answer

praising the person for engaging in non-depressive activities

question

Current research regarding the effectiveness of behavioral therapy for depression is MOST consistent with which of the following statements?

answer

Using a combination of behavioral techniques works better than using just one.

question

answer

behavorial

question

What kind of uni-polar depression is behavioral treatment MOST effective in treating?

answer

mild depression

question

answer

behavioral therapy

question

Which of the following is a correct match of person and approach?

answer

Beck and cognitive therapy

question

If your therapist concentrated on helping you recognize and change negative thoughts and thus improve your mood, your therapist would be using:

answer

cognitive therapy

question

answer

cognitive therapy

question

The "increasing activities and elevating mood" phase of Beck's treatment for depression:

answer

makes the therapy cognitive-behavioral rather than purely cognitive

question

A depressed individual receiving therapy is told that many, even most of the negative thoughts that an individual experiences and records, have no basis in fact. MOST likely, the therapist is:

answer

challenging automatic thoughts

question

Which of the following is NOT a part of Beck's cognitive therapy for uni-polar depression?

answer

discussion with family members about their maladaptive thoughts

question

Which of the following would a cognitive therapist be LEAST likely to say to you?

answer

Try to evaluate what happens to you in "black and white terms"

question

answer

cognitive

question

Clients who tend to see everything that occurs as either all right or all wrong, with nothing in between, need to focus on which phase of Beck's treatment for depression?

answer

Identifying negative thoughts and biases

question

Clients who test their assumptions about what is causing their depression are working in which phase of Beck's treatment program?

answer

changing primary attitudes

question

Which one of the following statements is MOST consistent with the use of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for depression?

answer

Accepting negative thoughts and working with them is preferable to rejecting them entirely

question

Which of the following is true about the research on the effectiveness of cognitive therapy in treating unipolar depression?

answer

It nearly eliminates depressive symptoms in 50 to 60 percent of the cases.

question

Which of the following is TRUE about research on the effectiveness of cognitive therapy for treating uni-polar depression?

answer

Research studies show its effectiveness

question

Many of today's cognitive-behavioral therapists would agree that:

answer

Negative cognitions should be accepted, not necessarily eliminated

question

Which of the following is NOT a goal of the cultural-sensitive therapy movement?

answer

therapy for minority clients delivered exclusively by minority therapists

question

If you are a minority, you are:

answer

likely to benefit from culturally sensitive therapy.

question

Which of the following is the BEST example of interpersonal role transition?

answer

going away to college for the first time

question

Why is interpersonal psychotherapy considered to be a sociocultural approach?

answer

Depression is thought to result from disrupted social interactions and role expectations.

question

If your therapist encouraged you to explore your roles in life and how they might be changing, or how your expectations might be different from someone else's, your therapist would be using:

answer

interpersonal therapy

question

A woman who is in conflict with her husband over whether she should have a career or stay at home full-time to care for their children is experiencing:

answer

interpersonal role dispute

question

A person who displays extreme shyness and insensitivity to others is showing signs of:

answer

interpersonal deficits

question

Which interpersonal problem area identified by interpersonal psychotherapists is MOST like the cause of depression suggested by psychoanalysis?

answer

interpersonal loss

question

Interpersonal psychotherapists believe that therapy must address:

answer

role transitions in relationships

question

answer

interpersonal deficit

question

answer

interpersonal deficit

question

Which of the following is TRUE about the research on the effectiveness of interpersonal psychotherapy in treating unipolar depression?

answer

It nearly eliminates symptoms in 50 to 60 percent of cases

question

According to research studies, the success rate for interpersonal therapy is about the same as that for:

answer

cognitive therapy

question

About what percentage of people receiving treatment for depression are in dysfunctional relationships?

answer

50 percent

question

If the focus of your therapist is primarily on how communication and problem-solving difficulties with your partner are contributing to your depression, your therapist is using:

answer

couple therapy

question

If you are receiving therapy designed to teach you and your spouse specific communication and problem-solving skills, your therapist is practicing:

answer

behavioral marital therapy

question

When is couple therapy preferable to individual therapy?

answer

when the relationship conflicts and role transitions are paramount

question

Which of the following is not an example of a biological treatment for depression?

answer

contingency management

question

If you live in the United States, you can be assured that:

answer

you will be exposed to advertisements from the multi-billion-dollar dietary supplement industry

question

Typical consumers of nutraceuticals:

answer

have easy access to a variety of products

question

Which of the following is the MOST effective dietary supplement/disorder pairing?

answer

ginkgo Bilbao for treating dementia

question

The nutraceutical SAM-e:

answer

is used for treating depression

question

If a friend is considering nutraceuticals for the treatment of depression, your BEST advice would be:

answer

"St. John's wort should only be used for mild or moderate cases of depression."

question

St. John's wort:

answer

is inexpensive compared to pharmaceuticals

question

What is the average length of time for the treatment of major depressive disorder with ECT?

answer

2-4 weeks

question

If you were treated with ECT, you would experience a(n):

answer

brain seizure

question

In the bilateral ECT, the electrical current passes through:

answer

both sides of the brain

question

Which patient group was the first treated with ECT?

answer

psychotic patients

question

Ugo Cerletti, the first psychiatrist to use ECT effectively, later abandoned the procedure, MOST likely because of:

answer

the likelihood that convulsions caused by it would result in broken bones and dislocated joints

question

ECT (electroconvulsive therapy) has changed over the years. Patients given this treatment now may receive:

answer

muscle relaxants

question

Today, electroconvulsive therapy:

answer

also involves the use of muscle relaxants

question

One of the side effects of ECT is:

answer

memory loss

question

Which of the following is the MOST important reason for the decline in the use of electroconvulsive therapy since the 1950s?

answer

antidepressant drugs were developed

question

People who take MAO inhibitors and want to decrease the risk of negative side effects would make the greatest changes in which aspect of life?

answer

what they eat

question

An individual receiving a treatment for depression is happier because of higher levels of norepinephrine in his or her brain. What treatment is this person MOST likely receiving?

answer

an MAO inhibitor

question

Corrina took an antidepressant and then ate a meal. Shortly thereafter her blood pressure skyrocketed and she felt faint. Which of the following is MOST likely to be true?

answer

She ate something containing tyramine.

question

If you had high blood pressure, you would want to be especially careful when using:

answer

MAO inhibitors

question

MAO inhibitors work by:

answer

blocking MAO from breaking down norepinephrine

question

MAO inhibitors are biochemical agents that alleviate depressive symptoms in approximately half of the clinically depressed patients who take them. What is the mechanism of action of these drugs?

answer

They interfere with the destruction of norepinephrine.

question

Which of the following is MOST likely to elevate the mood in a depressed person?

answer

an increase in the levels of norepinephrine

question

How do monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors work?

answer

They increase supplies of norepinephrine in neurons.

question

answer

tricylics

question

The mechanism of action of imipramine is to:

answer

block reuptake of norpinephrine and serotonin

question

In order to effectively reduce the chances of relapse of depressive symptoms, patients should:

answer

continue to take tricylics after they are symptom-free.

question

Apparently tricyclics work by:

answer

blocking the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin

question

"Second-generation" antidepressant medications include:

answer

Anafranil and Eldepryl

question

A person who is recovering from depression continues to take tricyclic medication for several months after most symptoms are gone. This is called:

answer

maintenance therapy, and is often necessary to keep symptoms from reappearing

question

Which of the following best represents how tricyclics work?

answer

tricylic ingested, smaller amounts of norepinephrine and serotonin released, normal amounts of norepinephrine and serotonin released, reuptake triggers more neural firing

question

Second-generation anti-depressants appear to act by:

answer

selectively blocking the re-uptake of serotonin

question

Second-generation antidepressants:

answer

target specific neurotransmission reuptake

question

Compared to earlier antidepressant drugs, "second-generation" antidepressant drugs:

answer

do not work either faster or more effectively

question

answer

accurate

question

answer

second-generation anti-depressants

question

Therapists who treat African American clients for depression need to be aware that their clients are:

answer

less likely to receive newer second-generation drugs.

question

White Americans receiving Medicaid are:

answer

more likely than African Americans to be prescribed antidepressant medication, but may be less likely to respond to the medication

question

How likely are Medicaid recipients to be prescribed antidepressant medication?

answer

White Americans more often than Hispanic Americans; Hispanic Americans more often than African Americans

question

Among the biological treatments for depression, the one that uses an implanted pulse generator is:

answer

vagus nerve stimulation

question

Vagus nerve stimulation is MOST similar to:

answer

ECT

question

Studies show that individuals with severe depression who have not benefited from more conventional treatments are about how likely to improve from using vagus nerve stimulation?

answer

40 percent

question

In which of the treatments for depression is a stimulating current sent through a patient's prefrontal cortex?

answer

TMS

question

______ is a treatment in which tiny holes are drilled into the skull through which electrodes are implanted into the brain.

answer

Deep brain stimulation

question

What do ECT, vagus nerve stimulation, and transcranial magnetic stimulation have in common?

answer

They suggest that brain stimulation is effective in treating severe forms of depression.

question

There has been a significant increase in the number of physicians prescribing antidepressants in the past few decades:

answer

despite the success of cognitive therapy

question

Conclusions from extensive studies of the effectiveness of various forms of treatment for depression show that:

answer

Cognitive, cognitive-behavioral, interpersonal, and biological treatments are the best, and about equally effective

question

Outcome studies on treatments for depression, comparing drug treatments with cognitive and cognitive-behavioral therapies, show that:

answer

Cognitive therapies are better at preventing relapses unless the drug therapy is continued even after the patient has improved

question

The key to long-term treatment of depression is:

answer

some sort of maintenance therapy

question

Research now suggests that once someone has been successfully treated for depression he or she:

answer

needs some type of continuation or maintenance therapy

question

Recent research indicates that behavioral therapy is the treatment of choice only:

answer

over placebo treatment

question

Which of the following would a psychodynamic therapist be MOST likely to say about studies regarding the effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy for depression?

answer

The therapy does not lend itself to empirical research.

question

Your BEST advice to a friend who is experiencing severe depression would be:

answer

"Try combining cognitive therapy with drug therapy."

question

What would be your BEST recommendation (i.e., MOST scientifically valid) about behavioral therapy for someone experiencing depression?

answer

It is better than nothing, but that's about it.

question

What would be your BEST recommendation (i.e., MOST scientifically valid) about behavioral therapy for an adolescent experiencing depression?

answer

Use a combination of drug therapy and cognitive therapy.

question

Which of the following is NOT true about the use of ECT and drug therapies for treating depression?

answer

ECT is likely to prescribed first, and if it doesn't work, then drugs are prescribed.

question

Which of the following treatments produces the fastest results in the biological treatment for unipolar depression?

answer

electroconvulsive therapy

question

Electroconvulsive therapy would be MOST recommended when:

answer

the patient has not responded to antidepressant drugs

question

What is currently true about pharmaceutical companies regarding their ads for medications in the United States?

answer

They must recommend that patients consult with their doctors about taking the drugs in their ads.

question

Rosita swings between periods of bottomless depressions and high-flying enthusiasm. She never hits the middle. Her physician is MOST likely to recommend treatment with:

answer

lithium

question

The effects of lithium were discovered during the investigation of:

answer

the effect of toxic levels of uric acid

question

If a person taking lithium began experiencing nausea, vomiting, sluggishness, tremors, and seizures, one would suspect:

answer

the person was experiencing lithium intoxication

question

At least ______ of manic patients treated with lithium improve.

answer

60 percent

question

Lithium has been found to:

answer

enhance the effectiveness of antidepressant drugs in unipolar depression

question

A person with bipolar disorder is taking a commonly used drug to stabilize mood in the manic episodes. What else might also happen as a result of taking this drug?

answer

the person might experience at least partial relief from depressive episodes

question

All of the following about lithium as a treatment for bipolar disorder are true, EXCEPT that:

answer

it interferes with the effectiveness of anti-depressant medications

question

Lithium appears to affect:

answer

neuron's second messengers

question

Second messengers are:

answer

active inside the neuron

question

You would expect to see the biggest impact of lithium on which part of the neuron?

answer

the firing of the receiving neuron

question

The combination of lithium and psychotherapy is better than lithium treatment alone. This therapeutic addition is called:

answer

adjunctive psychotherapy

question

Which one of the following is the BEST example of adjunctive therapy?

answer

A patient is receiving both drug therapy and interpersonal therapy with his or her family.

question

The best treatment recommendation you could give someone experiencing bipolar disorder is:

answer

drug therapy, perhaps accompanied by psychotherapy

question

Which one of the following is a likely reason for using adjunctive therapy to treat bipolar disorder?

answer

People stop taking lithium because they feel more productive and creative without taking it.

question

Which of the following is an example of effective adjunctive therapy for bipolar disorder?

answer

individual or group therapy

Chapter 8 Abnormal Psychology Treatments for Depressive and Bipolar disorders – Flashcards

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