Chapter 5 Geography – Spatial Perspective – Flashcards
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Geography
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The study of the earth's surface, including such aspects as its climate, topography, vegetation, and population.
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Spatial Perspective
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Way of identifying, explaining, and predicting the human and physical patterns in space and the interconnectedness of various spaces.
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Five themes of geography created in 1984 by National Council for Geographic Education and the Association of American Geographers:
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Location, Place, Human-Environment Interaction, Region, and Movement
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Absolute location
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Refers to a position on the global grid.
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Relative location
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Location as described in relation to places around it.
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Lines of latitude
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Measured in degrees that run north and south from the equator, which lies 0 degrees latitude.
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Lines of longitude
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Measured in degrees east and west of one line of longitude known as the prime meridian, which runs through Greenwich, England, and is located at 0 degrees longitude.
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Place
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Fourth geographical theme, which s a unique combination of physical and cultural attributes that give each location on the earth its individual stamp.
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Sense of place
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A person's perception of the human and physical attributes of a location that give it a unique identity in our minds.
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Human-Environment Interaction
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This theme considers how humans adapt to and modify the environment.
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Region
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Divides the world into manageable units for geographic study.
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Formal regions (uniform region)
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Those that are designated by official boundaries, such as cities, states, counties, and countries.
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Functional regions (nodal region)
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Defined by their connection. For example, the circulation area for a major city area or a Delta Airline map showing flight routes.
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Vernacular regions (perceptual region)
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The boundaries of a perceptual region are determined by people's beliefs, not scientifically measurable. Such as where the cool kids sit at lunch; they have no formal boundaries but are understood in our mental maps of the world.
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Movement
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Fifth theme or geography; Study how Ideas, fads, goods, resources, and communication all travel distances.
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Spatial Interaction
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Evaluation of how places interact through movement. The flow of products, people, services, or information among places, in response to localized supply and demand.
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Friction of distance
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The degree to which distance interferes with some interaction.
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Space-time compression
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The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place, as a result of improved communications and transportation systems.
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Distance decay
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The interaction between two places declines as the distance between the two places increases. The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin.
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National Geography Standard
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Published in 1994 to guide geographic education in the United States. Has 18 standards
