question

Refers to the forces within a person that affect the direction , intensity and persistence of voluntary behavior.

answer

Motivation

question

The employee's emotional and cognitive motivation, self-efficacy to perform the job, perceived clarity of the organization's vision and his or her specific role in that vision, and belief that he or she has the resources to get the job done.

answer

Employee Engagement

question

The employee's emotional and cognitive motivation

answer

Motivation

question

Self-efficacy to perform the job

answer

Ability

question

Perceived clarity of the organization's vision and his or her specific role in that vision

answer

Role Perception

question

Belief that he or she has the resources to get the job done

answer

Situational Factors

question

Hardwired characteristics of the brain that correct deficiencies or maintain internal equilibrium by producing emotions to energize individuals

answer

Drive

question

Goal-directed forces that people experience

answer

Need

question

What produces emotions?

answer

Drive

question

What makes up your emotional experiences?

answer

Need

question

What adjusts our drives and needs?

answer

Self-concept, social norms, past experiences

question

The need for food, air, water, shelter, and the like.

answer

Physiological Needs

question

The need for a secure and stable environment and the absence of pain, threat, or illness.

answer

Safety

question

The need for love, affection, and interaction with other people.

answer

Belongingness/Love

question

The need for self-esteem through personal achievement as well as social esteem through recognition and respect from others.

answer

Esteem

question

The need for self-fulfillment, realization of one's potential.

answer

Self-actualization

question

Primary needs that are innate and universal.

answer

Drives

question

Physiological, safety, belongingness/love, esteem needs are classified as:

answer

Deficiency Need

question

Self-actualization is a need that is classified as:

answer

Growth Need

question

The root of all motivation

answer

Motivation to Survive

question

Views the biological or genetic programming as the cause of motivation.

answer

Instinct Theory of Motivation

question

Contribution of Maslow's Work:

answer

• Holistic Perspective • Humanistic Perspective • Positive Perspective

question

Explaining that needs and drives should be studied together because human behavior is typically initiated by more than one of them at the same time.

answer

Holistic Perspective

question

Higher-order needs are influenced by personal and social influences, not just instincts.

answer

Humanistic Perspective

question

Focusing on need gratification rather than only on need deprivation.

answer

Positive Perspective

question

Limitations of Maslow's Work:

answer

• Developed only from personal observations • Empirical studies have concluded that people do not progress through the hierarchy • In reality, the priority of our needs rise and fall more frequently , like daily or weekly, not every few years.

question

Who developed the ERG theory?

answer

Clayton P. Alderfer

question

A needs hierarchy theory consisting of three fundamental needs—existence, relatedness, and growth.

answer

ERG Theory

question

An individual's needs are acquired and shaped over time. This theory was developed by David McClelland.

answer

Learned Needs Theory

question

A need in which people want to accomplish reasonably challenging goals and desire unambiguous feedback and recognition for their success. • You want to accomplish reasonably challenging goals through your own effort • Prefer to work alone rather in groups/teams • Choose tasks with a moderate degree of risk • Desire unambiguous feedback and recognition • Money is a weak motivator • People with low levels of this perform better with money as an incentive

answer

Need for Achievement (nAch)

question

A need in which people seek approval from others, conform to their wishes and expectations, and avoid conflict and confrontation. • Desire to seek approval from others • Project favorable image of yourself • Avoid conflict • High nAff employees work well in coordinating roles to mediate conflicts • Less effective at allocating scarce resources and making decisions that generate conflict • Not fit for decision making positions

answer

Need for Affiliation (nAff)

question

A need in which people want to control their environment, including people and material resources, to benefit either themselves or others. • Exercise control over others • Leadership positions

answer

Need for Power (nPow)

question

Individuals who enjoy their power for its own sake, use it to advance personal interests, and wear their power as a status symbol.

answer

Personalized Power

question

Desire power as a means to help others.

answer

Socialized Power

question

A motivation theory that is based on the innate drives to acquire, bond, learn, and defend and that incorporates both emotions and rationality.

answer

Four-drive Theory

question

This is the drive to: ́ Seek ́ Take ́ Control ́ Retain objects and personal experiences ́ Includes enhancing one's self-concept through relative status and recognition in society ́ It is the foundation of competition and the basis of our need for esteem

answer

Drive to Acquire

question

This is the drive to: ́ Form Social relationships ́ Develop mutual caring commitments with others ́ Motivates people to cooperate ́ Is a fundamental ingredient in the success of organizations and the development of societies

answer

Drive to Bond

question

This is the drive to: ́ Satisfy our curiosity ́ To know and understand ourselves and the environment around us ́ Related to higher-order needs of growth and self-actualization

answer

Drive to Learn

question

This is the drive to: ́ Protect ourselves physically and socially ́ Creates a "fight-or-flight" response in the face of personal danger ́ Includes defending our relationships, our acquisitions, and our belief systems

answer

Drive to Defend

question

́ Are innate and universal ́ Hardwired in our brains and are found in ALL human beings ́ Independent of each other ́ A complete set - there are no fundamental drives excluded from the model

answer

Four-drive theory

question

Key features of the Four-drive theory model:

answer

Drive to Acquire, Bond, and Learn - Proactive Drive to Defend - Reactive

question

How do drives influence employee motivation?

answer

Drives produce EMOTIONS (self-concept, social norms, and past experience) translate these emotions into goal-directed needs, and these individual characteristics also translate needs into decisions and behavior.

question

Our mental skill set relies on:

answer

́ Social Norms ́ Past Experience ́ Personal Values

question

Perspectives of the Four-drive theory model

answer

́ Holistic - Relates to all drives, not just one or two ́ Humanistic - It acknowledges the role of human though and social influences, not just instinct

question

A motivation theory based on the idea that work effort is directed toward behaviors that people believe will lead to desired outcomes.

answer

Expectancy Theory

question

Individual's perception that his or her effort will result in a particular level of performance. (Probability: 1.0 or 0.0)

answer

Effort to Performance Expectancy (E-to-P Expectancy)

question

The perceived probability that a specific behavior or performance level will lead to a particular outcome. (Probability: 1.0 or 0.0)

answer

Performance to Outcome Expectancy (P-to-O Expectancy)

question

It is the anticipated satisfaction or dissatisfaction that an individual feels toward an outcome. Represents a person's anticipated satisfaction with the outcome. (Range: -1 to +1 or -100 to +100)

answer

Valence

question

Factors that increase _______________ are: • Train employees • Select people with required competencies • Provide role clarification • Provide sufficient resources • Provide coaching and feedback

answer

E-to-P Expectancy

question

Factors that increase _______________ are: • Measure performance accurately • Describe outcomes of good and poor performance • Explain how rewards are linked to past performance

answer

P-to-O Expectancy

question

• Ensure that rewards are valued • Individualize rewards • Minimize countervalent outcomes

answer

Outcome Valences

question

It is the process of motivating employees and clarifying their role perceptions by establishing performance objectives. A powerful process for thinking about your ideal future, and for motivating yourself to turn your vision of this future into reality.

answer

Goal Setting

question

The process of _____________ helps you choose where you want to go in life.

answer

Setting goals

question

Why it is important to set goals?

answer

-Gives you long-term vision and short-term motivation . -It focuses your acquisition of knowledge, and helps you to organize your time and your resources so that you can make the very most of your life.

question

Factors that influence task effort:

answer

-Specific -Relevant -Challenging -Commitment -Participation -Feedback

question

Where is the area of optimal goal difficulty?

answer

Challenging

question

Characteristics of an effective feedback:

answer

-Specific -Relevant -Timely -Sufficiently Frequent -Credible

question

-Also known as "Appreciative Coaching" -Maximizing employees potential by focusing on their strengths rather than weaknesses -Can motivate employees because they seek feed- back about their strengths, not their flaws

answer

Feedback Through Strengths-Based Coaching

question

Sources of Feedback:

answer

-Social Sources -Nonsocial Sources

question

-Is an example of a social form feedback -Is an information collected from a circle of people, including subordinates, peers, supervisors and customers

answer

Multisource (360-Degree) Feedback

question

Source of feedback that: -Tend to delay negative information -Leave out information -Distort bad news in a positive way -Improve self-esteem

answer

Social Feedback

question

Source of feedback that: -To learn about their (employees) progress toward goal accomplishment -Less damaging to self-esteem

answer

Nonsocial Feedback

question

It is an employee's perception of their organization's behaviors, decisions and actions and how these influence the employees own attitudes and behaviors at work.

answer

Organizational Justice

question

Two forms of organizational justice:

answer

-Distributive Justice -Procedural Justice

question

Perceived fairness in the individual's ratio of outcomes to contribution compared with a comparison other's ratio of outcomes to contribution. Examples: -Racial Wage Gap -Gender Wage Gap

answer

Distributive Justice

question

-Perceived fairness of the procedures used to distribute resources -Transparency or lack of it. How compensation or rewards are given

answer

Procedural Justice

question

A theory explaining how people develop perceptions of fairness in the distribution and exchange of resources.

answer

Equity Theory

Chapter 5 BA 12N – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards