Chapter 4 Wireless LAN – Flashcards
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whats some benefits to wireless LAN
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flexibility, reduced cost, productivity, and grows and adapts.
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What are 3 wireless network types
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wireless personal-area network, Wireless local area network, and wireless wide area network.
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what are characteristics of WPAN?
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range few feet bluetooth or wifi direct
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what are characteristics of WLAN?
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few hundred feet. home or office.
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what are characteristics of WWAN
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range of miles, metropolitan area network, cellular, intercity links (microwave relays)
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ways devices connect to wireless networks
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bluetooth(100m) and wifi (wireless fidelity)
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types of radiowaves
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Ultra High Frequency, Super High Frequency and, Extremely High Frequency.
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what are characteristics of UHF?
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Wlan 2.4, microwaves, bluetooth, cellular broadband, and UHF television.
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what are characteristics of SHF?
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WLAN 5.0 satellite communication.microwave communication, and radio astronomy.
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what are characteristics of EHF?
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WiGig, Radar landing system and, radio astronomy.
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What are some wifi standards with the number
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802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ad, 802.11ac
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what are characteristics of 802.11
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2 Mbs 2.4 GHz
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what are characteristics of 802.11a?
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54 Mbs 5.0 GHz short distance.
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what are characteristics of 802.11b?
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11Mbs 2.4 GHz farther distance than 11a
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what are characteristics of 802.11g
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54 Mbs 2.4 GHz
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what are characteristics of 802.11n
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600 Mbs 2.4 and 5.0
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what are characteristics of 802.11ac?
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1.3 Gbs 5.0 GHz
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what are characteristics of 802.11ad
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7 Gigs 2.4 GHz, 5.0 GHz , 60 GHz.
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What are three organizations that influence WLAN
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ITU-R, IEEE, and WI-Fi Alliance.
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what are characteristics of wi-fi alliance?
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The wi-fi alliance is a non-profit which promtes the growth and acceptance of WLANs. certifies wifi product compatibility like wifi miracast, passpoint, and wifi direct.
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whats the difference between Ethernet and WLAN
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Ethernet Collision detection and regulation by countries authorities. WLAN Radio Frequency which is collision avoidance (takes turns)no boundaries, less privacy there's interference.
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What are wireless requirements for end devices?
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same frequency, radio receiver, AP, radio transmiter, and wireless nic
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How does a wireless router advertise?
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by sending beacons
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What is a Wireless autonomous AP
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connects devices wirelessly to the internet.
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requirements for a cluster ap
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clustering mode enabled, same name, connected on the same segment, and same (RF)
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What is cisco's cloud based ap that pushes updates to other APs.
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Cisco Meraki
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What are requirements for Cisco Meraki?
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Cisco MR cloud managed wireless APs, Meraki cloud controller and web based dashboard remote config and diagnostics.
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Cisco Unified network requires
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lightweight AP and Wireless Controller
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What are the types of wireless antennas?
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OMnidirectional (open office areas) ,Directional wifi antennas focus strength in one direction, Yagi (long distance in one direction.)Mimo allows more bandwidth upto 4 antennas
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main wireless topology modes
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Adhoc and infrastructure
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what is adhoc
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two devices connected wirelessly with bluetooth or wifi direct. Peer to peer Basic Service area and a Independent Basic service set
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what is Infrastructure mode
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wireless clients connect to AP thats connect to a network through Distribution system.(Ethernet)
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What is a extended Service set or ESS?
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when one BSA isn't enough to cover the network So more than one BSA is connected creating a wider area coverage that is connected through a distribution system.
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what is a BSA
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Basic Service area is the area covered by a wireless device.
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what is in a header of a 802.11 frame?
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1. Frame control 2. Duration 3.add1 (receiving) 4.add2 (sending) 5. add 3 (MAC of destination Default gateway) 6.sequence control (number of frame) 7.add 4 (for ad hoc)
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what is the payload section for in a 802.11 frame?
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contains data for transmission
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what is FCS in the 802.11 frame?
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frame check sequence layer 2 error control
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what is in the frame control field of a 802.11 frame
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1. protocol version 2. frame type and sub type (control, data, or management) 3. ToDS and fromDS 4.more fragments (indicates if more is to follow this) 5.retry 6.power management (sending device in psaving mode) 7.more data (if receiving device is in psaving mode indicates more frames to send) 8. security (what security features are being used) 9. reserve (all data frames must be received in that order)
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whats a maintenance frame 802.11
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finding, authenticating, and associating with an AP.
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what is a control frame
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facilitate in the exchange of data frames between wireless clients.
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what is a Data Frame
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Used to carry the payload information such as web pages and files.
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what is the order of data transmiting>
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1.request to send 2. Clear to send. 3. Ack if the client doesn't receive an acknowledgement then it will resend the data
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what are some CSMA/CA characteristics
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half duplex so the client takes turns sending and hearing. it is also impossible to detect collision this system also relies on DCF a client only sends if the channel is clear.
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What are management frames?
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1. Discover AP 2. Authenticate with AP (password) 3. Associate with AP (communicate)
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What is the common configureable wireless parameters
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network mode, SSID, Channel Settings, Security mode, Encryption,and Password.
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What are 2 Discovering APs modes?
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Passive and Active.
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What is passive mode on an AP?
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AP advertises its SSID with broadcast beacons
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what is active mode on a AP?
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end users must know the SSID and password to get on the network
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What are the Authentication types on wireless LAN?
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Open authentication and shared key authentication.
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What are the steps to connect to a Shared key Authentication on wireless lan?
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1. Wireless client sends authenticaiton frame to AP 2. AP sends challenge text (password) 3.client sends password 4. AP decrypts the password 5. If the text matches the password then the AP continues to the association stage. 6. link is established.
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What are the different types of frequency channel saturation?
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DSSS Direction Sequence spread spectum crafted noice, (FHSS) frequency hopping spread spectum channel hopping, Orthogonal frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM) subchannels without interfering
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What channels are used for WLAN 2.4 in america
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nonoverlapping 1,6,11
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Wlans are susceptible to what threats?
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wireless intruders, rogue APs, DoS attacks, and Interception of data.
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Dos attacks on a WLAN?
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improperly configured devices (accidentally by admin or purposely by hacker) , malicious user interfering with network(wants to stop all traffic), accidental interference (baby monitors)
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What are 2 common types of management frame attacks?
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Spoofed disconnect attack or CTS flood.
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What is an attack where the attacker sends a disassoicate attack?
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Spoffed disconnect attack which all users are disconnected and the users try to reconnect at the same time and back and forth which causes a DoS
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What is a type of attack where the attacker floods the BSS with CTS.
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CTS flood and all wireless PCs are stalled till the attacker stops the attack
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What is prevention method for management frame attacks for cisco?
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Ciscos management frame protection which protects against frame and device spoofing. in
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What is prevention method for management frame attacks for IEEE?
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802.11W management frame protection standard addresses the problem of manipulating management frames. 802.11i specifies security mechanisms for wireless networks
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What are the two different types of rogue APs?
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AP connected to corperate network and capture clients mac data then Raptue and disguise so the network believes it's the client and allows the attacker retrieve resources.
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How can you protect a network from a rogue ap attack?
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monitoring software to monitor the radio spectum (expensive)
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What's a way man in the middle hacker gain resources in wireless?
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By installing an AP and labeling it the same SSID as a close internet source and attacker steals user information.
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what is a solution to man in the middle small and large business in Wireless?
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small business secure network and monitor. While large enterprise WLAN an Intrusion Protection Service(IPS) and monitor APs.
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what are two early implementations of security features in WLAN that wasn't so helpful?
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SSID clocking and MAC address filtering.
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what is the security feature that disables SSID Beacon and client's cant see AP.
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SSID clocking
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What is the WLAN security feature that allows admin to allow or deny clients?
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MAC address filtering
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What is the way to make your network more secure beyond SSID clocking and MAC address filtering?
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Encrypting the wireless network with shared key.
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What is the strongest authentication format strongest to weakest?
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WPA2 - AES WPA - TKIP WEP- CRC
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What is TKIP?
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Temporal Key Integrity Protocol which encrypts at layer 2 with TKIP. Also pushes out (MIC) a message Integrity Check to see if the message has been tampered with.
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What is AES?
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Advanced Encryption Standard strongest encryption which has a counter cipher mode with block chainning message authentication code protocol. CCMP allows host to recognize if message is encrypted (if some bits are unencrypted then its been tampered with)
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what are the two main types of authentication a home user?
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simple WPA and WPA2
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what is WPA
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personal- PSK pre shared key
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what is WPA2 and what is it used for
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Enterprise level which is very secure. (EAP) Extensible Authication Protection which negoates a secure privat key and this type of authentication requires remote authentication and dials in user service Radius (login and password)
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What are nessary fields for AES at enterprise level?
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Radius Server IP, Radius Pork Number and Shared key (AP)
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What to consider changing on a new router?
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DHCP settings, SSID name, WLAN security Management access (admin password)
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What are some troubleshoot approaches?
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bottom-up layer one up. top- bottom start at top layer and go down. Divide and conquer ping lower layers and uppers.
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What do you do if a wireless client isn't connecting?
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ipconfig, verify the end device can connect through a wired connection, check security and encryption settings to match router, then if that doesn't work reload drivers for client.
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What should you consider if a device has a low connection?
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distance from AP, interference and, channel settings.
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How to fix a network that's slow?
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upgrade your wireless clients to a faster 802.11 device or split the wireless traffic 2.4 and 5.0 GHZ // Which 2.4 doesn't worry about speed while 5 does. also 5 is less effected by interference.
