Chapter 4 – Social Interaction in Everyday Life – Flashcards
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ascribed status
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a social position a person receives at birth or takes on involuntarily later in life
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achieved status
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a social position a person takes on voluntarily that reflects personal ability and effort
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master status
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a status that has special importance for social identity, often shaping a person's entire life
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role
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behavior expected of someone who holds a particular status
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role set
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a number of roles attached to a single status
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role conflict
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conflict among the roles connected to two or more statuses
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role strain
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tension among the roles connected to a single status
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social construction of reality
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the process by which people creatively shape reality through social interaction
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Thomas theorem
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William Isaac Thomas's (W.I. Thomas) statement that situations defined as real are real in their consequences
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ethnomethodogy
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Harold Garfinkel's term for the study of the way people make sense of their everyday surroundings, an approach to social science that combines philosophy, social theory, and method study
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dramaturgical analysis
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Erving Goffman's term for the study of social interaction in terms of theatrical performance
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presentation of self
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Erving Goffman's term for a person's efforts to create specific impressions in the minds of others.
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nonverbal communication
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communication using body movements, gestures, and facial expressions rather than speech
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personal space
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the surrounding area over which a person makes some claim to privacy
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Erving Goffman
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believed that the meaning was constructed through interaction (dramatology and impression management)
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Harold Garfinkel
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developed the sociological tradition called ethnomethodology, in which the researcher tries to expose the common unstated assumptions that enable conversational shortcuts to work
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