Chapter 4 Diseases and Conditions of the Endocrine System – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Addison's disease is partial or complete
answer
failure of adrenocortical function
question
Severe, prolonged hypoglycemia
answer
can cause irreversible brain damage
question
Patients with hyperparathyroidism
answer
may be prone to fractures
question
Hyperparathyroidism increases
answer
breakdown of bone and excessive reabsorption of calcium into the blood (hypercalcemia).
question
Patients who are bedridden or unable to drink enough water to compensate for urinary loss of water
answer
can become dangerously dehydrated.
question
Early implementation and use of combination medications
answer
seems to be the most effective way to treat diabetes.
question
Oral hypoglycemic agents such as DiaBeta and Glucophage can't cause symptoms
answer
similar to diabetic coma.
question
More recent technology offers an alternative to multiple injection regimens for type 1 diabetics
answer
as well as for some type 2 diabetics on insulin.
question
Dwarfism is the abnormal underdevelopment of the body
answer
or hypopituitarism, occurring in children
question
Dysfunction of the endocrine system results
answer
in decreased or increased secretion of hormones
question
Established risk factors for thyroid cancer include
answer
being a relative of a thyroid cancer patient
question
Precocious puberty is
answer
defined in boys as the onset of puberty before the age of 9. defined in girls as the onset of puberty before the age of 8
question
Metabolic syndrome is
answer
defined by five main components. a constellation of conditions that includes obesity. a collection of signs and/or conditions that may predict a risk for type 2
question
Type 2 diabetes
answer
is the most common form of diabetes
question
With insulin
answer
Too much insulin, a delayed meal, or not enough food can result in insulin shock. A reduction in insulin or insulin resistance results in hyperglycemia. The functional pancreas secretes insulin and maintains glucose levels in a precise range.
question
A simple goiter
answer
The patient may notice a swelling of the neck and experience difficulty swallowing. Thyroid ultrasonography can confirm the presence of a thyroid nodule
question
Symptoms and signs of diabetic coma include
answer
hyperglycemia, thirst, nausea and vomiting, and dry skin
question
Insulin reaction can be caused by
answer
too much insulin. delayed meal or insufficient food. excessive exercise
question
The presence of a painless lump or nodule on the thyroid gland, along with complaints of persistent hoarseness and trouble swallowing, should raise the suggestion of
answer
cancer of the thyroid gland
question
Diabetes that has its onset during pregnancy is called
answer
gestational diabetes mellitus
question
Adrenal insufficiency, with progressive destruction of the adrenal gland, is called
answer
Addison's disease
question
The syndrome caused by hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex, which results in excessive circulating cortisol levels, fatigue, muscular weakness, and changes in body appearance, is called
answer
Cushing's syndrome
question
Insufficient secretion of PTH by the parathyroid gland is called
answer
hypoparathyroidism
question
Hyperparathyroidism or overproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH) causes
answer
increased breakdown of bone. hypercalcemia, or increased circulating calcium. cardiac arrhythmias and renal calculi.
question
A congenital hypothyroid condition that causes mental and growth retardation in the infant or young child is called
answer
cretinism
question
A chronic disease of the immune system that attacks the thyroid gland and causes a goiter is called
answer
Hashimoto's thyroiditis
question
Damage to the pituitary gland, which causes hypopituitarism, can result from
answer
radiation. surgical removal. ischemia.
question
Hypersecretion of hGH that causes overgrowth of the hands and feet, abnormal thickening of the bones of the face, and excessive overgrowth of soft tissue, occurring after puberty, is called
answer
acromegaly
question
Treatment of diabetes mellitus includes
answer
a calculated diet and exercise. insulin administration if needed. blood and urine testing.
question
Polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia, weight loss, and fatigue are the principal signs and symptoms of
answer
diabetes mellitus
question
Rapid heartbeat and palpitations, increased metabolism, weight loss, nervousness, excitability, profuse perspiration, excessive thirst, muscular weakness, exophthalmos, and the presence of a goiter are symptoms and signs of
answer
Graves' disease. primary hyperthyroidism. overproduction of thyroid hormone.
question
A simple, or nontoxic, goiter results from
answer
inadequate amounts of iodine in the diet
question
A deficiency in the release of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone [ADH]) by the posterior pituitary gland causes
answer
diabetes insipidus
question
Hypersecretion of human growth hormone (hGH) by the pituitary gland before puberty, resulting in abnormal and accelerated growth, is called
answer
Addison's disease. Cushing's syndrome. myxedema.
question
Insulin and glucagon are produced by
answer
the pancreas
question
The master gland of the endocrine system is
answer
the pituitary gland
