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central NS and Peripheral NS

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The nervous system of the human body is divided into two anatomic parts

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Brain and spinal cord

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the central NS is composed of

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a network of nerve fibers, like cables, that transmit information to and from the body's organs to and from the brain

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The peripheral NS includes

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Meninges bony structures

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the central NS is protected by layers of tissue called and also protected by

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head injury

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is a traumatic injury to the head that may result in injury to soft tissue, bony structures, or the brain

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Traumatic brain injury

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is a severe head injury that can be life threat or leave the patient with life altering injuries

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establish and adequate airway, control bleeding, and reassess the patient's baseline level of consciousness

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treatment for a patient with a head injury include

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maintain the airway while keeping the spine properly aligned, assess respirations and give supplemental oxygen

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treatment for a patient with a spinal injury include

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older people several hours, days or weeks

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are at higher risk for a subdural hematoma developing. signs and symptons of the conditon may not occur for

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cerebellum

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coordination of balance and body movement is controlled by the:

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peripheral

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the ___ nervous system consists of 31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves

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autonomic

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the body's functions that occur without conscious effort are regulated by the ___ nervous system

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Eighty percent of the cranium is occupied by brain tissue.

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Which of the following statements regarding the cranium is correct? The skull is a subdivision of the cranium. Thirty percent of the cranium is occupied by blood. The cranium protects the structures of the face. Eighty percent of the cranium is occupied by brain tissue.

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7

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The cervical spine is composed of _____ vertebrae.

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may be an indicator of deeper, more serious injuries

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lacerations to the scalp

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linear

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Which of the following skull fractures would be the LEAST likely to present with palpable deformity or other outward signs?

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retrograde amnesia

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A patient who cannot remember the events that preceded his or her head injury is experiencing:

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level of consciousness

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When caring for a patient with a possible head injury, it is MOST important to monitor the patient's:

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instruct him to assist her ventilations while you perform a rapid assessment.

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During your primary assessment of a semiconscious 30-year-old female with closed head trauma, you note that she has slow, irregular breathing and a slow, bounding pulse. As your partner maintains manual in-line stabilization of her head, you should:

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determine if the strength in all extremities in equal

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When assessing a conscious patient with an MOI that suggests spinal injury, you should:

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14

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Following a head injury, a 20-year-old female opens her eyes spontaneously, is confused, and obeys your commands to move her extremities. You should assign her a GCS score of:

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establish an adequate airway

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The MOST important immediate treatment for patients with a head injury, regardless of severity, is to:

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avoid excessive pressure when applying the bandage

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When controlling bleeding from a scalp laceration with a suspected underlying skull fracture, you should:

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head

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When placing a patient onto a long backboard, the EMT at the patient's _________ is in charge of all patient movements.

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A cervical collar is used in addition to, not instead of, manual immobilization.

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Which of the following statements regarding cervical collars is correct? Once a cervical collar is applied, you can cease manual head stabilization. A cervical collar is used in addition to, not instead of, manual immobilization. Cervical collars are contraindicated in patients with numbness to the extremities. The patient's head should be forced into a neutral position to apply a cervical collar

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place padding under the child's shoulder as needed

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when immoblizing a child on a long backboard, you should

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leave his helmet and shoulder pads in place

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A high school football player was injured during a tackle and complains of neck and upper back pain. He is conscious and alert and is breathing without difficulty. The EMT should

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bacterial menigitis

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You are assessing a man who has a head injury and note that cerebrospinal fluid is leaking from his ear. You should recognize that this patient is at risk for:

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jaw-thrust maneuver

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When opening the airway of a patient with a suspected spinal injury, you should use the:

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axial loading

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A man jumped from the roof of his house and landed on his feet. He complains of pain to his heels, knees, and lower back. This mechanism of injury is an example of:

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3

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A patient with a head injury presents with abnormal flexion of his extremities. What numeric value should you assign to him for motor response?

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it interferes with your assessment of the airway

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A tight-fitting motorcycle helmet should be left in place unless

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a rapid deterioration of neurologic signs.

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An indicator of an expanding intracranial hematoma or rapidly progressing brain swelling is:

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rapid, thready pulse

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common signs and symptoms of a serious head injury include all of the following, EXCEPT A. widening pulse pressure. B. decerebrate posturing. C. a rapid, thready pulse. D. CSF leakage from the ears.

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suction his oropharynx for up to 15 seconds

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During your primary assessment of a 19-year-old unconscious male who experienced severe head trauma, you note that his respirations are rapid, irregular, and shallow. He has bloody secretions draining from his mouth and nose. You should:

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hangings

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Hyperextension injuries of the spine are MOST commonly the result of:

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involves physical injury to the brain tissue

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In contrast to a cerebral concussion, a cerebral contusion:

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it causes a problem managing the airway

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Once a cervical collar has been applied to a patient with a possible spinal injury, it should not be removed unless:

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brain and spinal cord

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The central nervous system (CNS) is composed of the:

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cervical,thoracic,lumbar,sacral, and coccygeal

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The five sections of the spinal column, in descending order, are the:

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eye opening, verbal response, and motor repsonse

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The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is used to assess:

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four-person log roll

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The ideal procedure for moving an injured patient from the ground to a backboard is:

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somatic

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What part of the nervous system controls the body's voluntary activities?

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pupillary constriction

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When activated, the sympathetic nervous system produces all of the following effects, EXCEPT:

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rupture of the tympanic membrane following diffuse impact to the head

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When assessing a patient with a head injury, you note the presence of thin, bloody fluid draining from his right ear. This indicates:

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the patient has been completely secured to the backboard

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When immobilizing a trauma patient's spine, the EMT manually stabilizing the head should not let go until:

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irregular rate, pattern, and volume of breathing with intermittent periods of apnea

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which of the following breathing pattersn is MOST indicative of increased intracranial pressure?

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hypoxia and hypotension are the two most common causes of secondary brain injury

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which of the following statements regarding secondary brain injury is correct

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slow

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you should be MOST suspicious that a patient has experienced a significant head injury if his or her pulse is:

Chapter 28 Head and Spine Injuries EMT – Flashcards

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