Chapter 28 Test Answers – Flashcards
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In the female fetus, the absence of testosterone results int he development of the external genitalia into clitoris, labia minora, and labia majora
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True
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The uterus is a thick muscular chamber inferior to the urinary bladder
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False
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The vagina has no glands but it is moistened by mucus from glands in the cervical canal
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True
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Although two breast cancer genes are known, most cases are nonhereditary
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True
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Inhibin modulates the secretion of LH
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False
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The number of ovarian follicles declines with age, leading to a reduction of estrogen levels
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True
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The ovarian cycle typically lasts about 28 days, with day 1 considered to be the first day after ovulation
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false
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most primary oocytes undergo atresia during climacteric
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False
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the proliferative phase of the uterus is driven by estrogen from the ovaries
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True
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In the excitement phase, the uterus rises from its forward-tilted (anteverted) position
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True
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Unlike men, women lack a refractory period and may experience successive orgasms
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True
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Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) stimulates the corpus luteum to grow and secrete estrogen and progesterone
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True
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Progesterone stimulates uterine contractions
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False
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Prolactin is secreted during pregnancy to stimulate milk synthesis so that milk will be available by the time the infant is born
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True
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Oxytocin stimulates contraction of myoepithelial cell of the mammary acini
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True
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The internal female genitalia include the A. vagina B. clitoris C. labia majora D. labia minora E. mammary gland
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vagina
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The __________ arteries rhythmically constrict and dilate causing the uterine mucosa to blanch and flush with blood A. uterine B. arcuate C. spiral D. internal iliac E. ovarian
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spiral
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After puberty, the vaginal lining becomes _________ to ________. A. simple squamous epithelium; allow fast diffusion of nutrients in case a zygotes is implanted B. stratified squamous epithelium; resist abrasion C. transitional epithelium; provide more elasticity necessary for coitus and delivery D. simple columnar; facilitate sperm absorption and secretion of vaginal lubicants E. simple cuboidal; provide protection and lubrication
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stratified squamous epithelium; resist abrasion
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The ____________ is the site of attachment of the embryo A. endometrium B. perimetrium C. myometrium D. uterine tube E. vagina
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endometrium
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Most of the natural lubrication during female sexual excitement is provided by the A. semen B. sperm C. vestibular bubls D. greater vestibular (Bartholin) glands E. lesser vestibular glands
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greater vestibular (Bartholin) glands
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The nonpregnant uterine wall consists mostly of ___________, which is composed of ___________ A. perimetrium; areolar tissure B. endometrium; simple columnar epithelium and glands C. endometrium; blood vessels and dense regular connective tissue D. myometrium; denser irregular connective tissue E. myometrium; bundles of smooth muscle
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myometrium; bundles of smooth muscle
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Which of these is not found in the vestibule? A. urinary orifice B. mons pubis C. vaginal orifice D. labia minora E. clitoris
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mons pubis
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____________ are found in both male and female external genitalia, but the ___________ is/are only found in the female A. corpora cavernosa; urethral orifice B. corpora cavernosa; bulbourethral glands C. corpora cavernosa; vestibular bulbs D. corpora spongiosa; mons pubis E. corpora spongiosa; urethral orifice
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corpora cavernosa; vestibular bulbs
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mammary glands develop within the breasts primarily A. during the last weeks of fetal development B. at birth C. during infancy D. during puberty E. during pregnancy
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during pregnancy
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Breast size is determined by A. the amount of adipose tissue B. the amount of collagenous fiber C. the size of lactiferous sinuses D. the amount of mammary gland tissue E. muscle tone
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the amount of adipose tissue
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Follicles are located in the A. medullary of the ovary B. cortex of the ovary C. center of the ovum D. epithelium of the endometrium E. placenta
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cortex of the ovary
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the earliest sign of puberty in girls is A. the onset of breast development B. the appearance of pubic and axillary hair C. the appearance of sebaceous and axillary glands D. the first menstrual period E. the increase in muscle mass
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the onset of breast development
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____ are feminizing hormones A. Female gonadotrpin-releasing hormones B. follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone C. androgens D. androgen and progesterone E. estrogen
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Estrogen
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____acts primarily in the uterus A. estrogens B. androgens C. progesterone D. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) E. luteinizing hormone (LH)
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progesterone
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the appearance of pubic and axillary hair is a stage specifically called A. puberty B. climacteric C. thelarche D. pubarche E. menarche
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pubarche
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The midlife change in estrogen and progesterone is called ___________, whereas the cessation of menstruation is called _____. A. climacteric; menopause B. menopause; climacteric C. menopause; atresia D. atresia; climacteric E. climacteric; atresia
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climacteric; menopause
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During climacteric, sudden ____________ may cause hot flashes A. vasoconstriction of cutaneous arteries B. vasodilation of cutaneous arteries C. vasodilation of cranial arteries D vasoconstriction of cranial arteries E. vasodilation of facial arteries
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vasodilation of cutaneous arteries
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The term menstrual cycle specifically refers to A. the sequence of events from fertilization to giving birth B. the events that recur every month during pregnancy C. the cyclic events happening from puberty to menopause D. the cyclic changes in the uterus determined by shifting hormonal changes E. the cyclic changes int he ovaries determined by shifting hormonal changes
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the cyclic changes in the uterus determined by shifting hormonal changes
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The ovulated egg is A. a primary oocyte B. a secondary oocyte C. a primary follicle D. a secondary follicle E. a tertiary follicle
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a secondary oocyte
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the ovulated egg is at A. prophase I B. metaphase I C. Telophase I D. prophase I E. metaphase II
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metaphase II
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the ovum finalizes meiosis A. during fertilization B. during implantation C. as a secondary follicle D. as a primary follicle E. as a mature (graafian) follicle
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during fertilization
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Most ovulation home test kits measure _________ surge, which happens about 24 hours before ovulation A. FSH B. LH C. estradiol D. progesterone E. temperature
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LH
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After expelling the oocyte, the follicle becomes the ____________ and secretes __________. A. corpus albicans; FSH and LH B. corpus albicans; estrogen and progesterone C. corpus luteum; FSH and LH D. corpus luteum; estrogen and progesterone E. corpus albicans; progesterone
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corpus luteum; estrogen and progesterone
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A follicle is A. an organ in the ovary B. an oocyte C. an oocyte enclosed in a follicular or granulosa cells D. a group of granulosa cells E. a group of follicular cells
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an oocyte enclosed in a follicular or granulosa cells
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Which of these does not leave a follicle when it ovulates? A. a secondary oocyte B. a zona pellucida C. a corona radiata D. a second polar body E. the theca folliculi
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a second polar body
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Oogenesis starts A. during embryonic development B. at birth C. during thelarche D. during pubarche E. during menarche
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during embryonic development
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In the adult ovary, more than 90% of the follicles are found as A. primary follicles B. secondary follicles C. tertiary follicles D. mature (graafian) follicles E. primordial follicles
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primordial follicles
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During the follicular phase, granulosa cells secrete ____________, which stimulates secretion of __________. A. estradiol: LH B. estradiol: FSH C. estradiol GnRH D. progesterone; FSH E. progesterone; LH
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estradiol; LH
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Which of these blood hormone levels reaches its maximum during the luteal phase? A. GnRH B. FSH C. LH D. progesterone E. estradiol
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progesterone
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____________ inhibit/s the secretion of ____________ during the female sexual cycle. A. GnRH; FSH and LH B. estradiol and progesterone; FSH and LH C. estradiol; progesterone D. estradiol; LH E. FSH and LH; androgens
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estradiol and progesterone; FSH and LH
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Lutein cells develop from A. the corona radiata B. the corpus luteum C. the theca interna D. granulosa cells E. the corpus albicans
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the theca interna
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The _________ phase is the one associated with menstrual cramps and typically occurs __________ of the cycle A. proliferative; from days 15 to 26 B. secretory; around day 5 C. menstrual; from days 9-14 D. premenstrual; days 27 to 28 E. premenstrual; days 13 to 14
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premenstrual; days 27 to 28
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during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle A. several follicles are developing antrums B. the corpus luteum is shrinking C. the corpus luteum is enlarging D. oogonia are transforming into primary oocytes E. the oocyte completes meiosis II
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several follicles are developing antrums
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The _________ sometimes expel/s copious fluid similar to prostatic fluid, which constitutes the female ejaculate A. prostate gland B. paraurethral glands C. bulbourethral glands D. vestibular bulb E. vaginal epithelium
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paraurethral glands
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During the plateau phase, the glans and clitoris swell as the _________ arteries dilate and the corpus or corpora ________ engorge with blood A. dorsal; cavernosa B. deep; spongiosum C. deep; cavernosa D. dorsal; spongiosum E. dorsal; vaginalis
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deep; cavernosa
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During ____________, the uterus is tented (erected) and the cervix is withdrawn from the vagina. Typically, the clitoris is engorged and the labia are bright red to violet due to hyperemia. A. excitement B. detumescence C. orgasm D. resolution E. pregnancy
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excitement
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In early pregnancy, ____________ stimulates growth of the corpus luteum A. human chorionic gonadotropin B. follicle-stimulating hormone C. human chorionic somatomammotropin D. adrenocorticotropic hormone E. progesterone
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human chorionic gonadotropin
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The basis of pregnancy test kits is the presence of ____________, which is secreted by the __________ A. human chorionic somatomammotropin; endometrium and myometrium B. human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG); blastocyst and placenta C. progesterone; corpus luteum and corpus albicans D. progesterone; blastocyst and embryo E. estrogens; blastocyst and placenta
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human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG); blastocyst and placenta
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The basis for contraceptive pills is that they mimic the ____________ feedback effect of ____________. A. positive; FSH and LH B. postitive; estrogens and progesterone C. negative; FSH and LH D. negative; human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) E. negative; estrogens and progesterone
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negative; estrogens and progesterone
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The developing individual is called a(n) ___________ during most of the first 2 weeks, a(n) ____________ from 3 through 8 weeks, and a(n)________from the beginning of week 9 until birth A. zygote; embryo; blastocyst B. zygote; blastocyst; embryo C. blastocyst; fetus; embryo D. blastocyst; embryo; fetus E. embryo; blastocyst; fetus
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blastocyst; embryo; fetus
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The most abundant estrogen of pregnancy is __________, but one that accounts for most of the estrogenic effects in pregnancy is_______ A. estrone; estradiol B. estrone; estriol C. estriol; estradiol D. estriol; estrone E. estradiol; estrone
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estriol; estradiol
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The _________________ provides fetal nutrition and secrets hormones that regulate pregnancy and fetal development A. uterus B. myometrium C. endometrium D. blastocyst E. placenta
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placenta
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What is the longest stage of labor? A. the dilation (first) stage B. the expulsion (second) stage C. the placental (third) stage D. the postpartum stage E. the puerperium stage
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the dilation (first) stage
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Milk ejection, stimulation of nerve endings in the ____________ leads to the release of _____________from the pituitary. A. mammary acini; oxytocin B. mammary acini; prolactin C. nipple and areola; oxytocin D. nipple and areola; prolactin E. nipple and areola; progesterone
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nipple and areola; oxytocin
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Why is breast milk superior to cow's milk for an infant? A. Cow's milk provides fewer calories per mL B. Cow's milk provides less calcium per mL C. Cow's milk provides less phosphorous per mL D. Cow's milk has too much protein and minerals in it E. It is a myth; cow's milk is equal in quality to breast milk
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Cow's milk has too much protein and minerals in it
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The infant's only source of nutrition during the first 2-3 days postpartum is A. casein B. colostrum C. breast milk D. meconium E. lactose
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colostrum
