Chapter 23- Nutrition, Cancer, and HIV Infection – Flashcards
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cancers
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diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells, which can destroy adjacent tissues and spread to other areas of the body via lymph or blood
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human immunodeficiency virus
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(HIV) the virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV destroys immune cells and progressively impedes the body's ability to fight infections and certain cancers
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malignant
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describes a cancerous cell or tumor, which can injure healthy tissue and spread cancer to other regions of the body
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carcinogenesis
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the process of caner development
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tumor
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an abnormal tissue mass that has no physiological function; also called a neoplasm
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metastasize
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to spread from one part of the body to another; refers to cancer cells
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carcinogens
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substances that can cause cancer
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cancer cachexia
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a wasting syndrome associated with cancer that is characterized by anorexia, muscle wasting, weight loss, and fatigue
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chemotherapy
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the use of drugs to arrest or destroy cancer cells; these drugs are called antineoplastic agents
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neutropenia
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a low white blood cell (neutrophil) count, which increases susceptibility to infection
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radiation therapy
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the use of X-rays, gamma rays, or atomic particles to destroys cancer cells
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radiation enteritis
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inflammation of intestinal tissue caused by radiation therapy
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hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
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transplantation of the stem cells that produce red blood cells and white blood cells; the stem cells are obtained from the bone marrow
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tissue rejection
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destruction of donor tissue by the recipient's immune system, which recognizes the donor cells as foreign
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low-microbial diet
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a diet that contains foods that are unlikely to be contaminated with bacteria and other microbes
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acquired immune deficiency syndrome
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(AIDS) the late stage of illness caused by infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); characterized by severe damage to immune function
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helper t cells
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lymphocytes that have a specific protein called CD4 on their surfaces and therefore are also known as CD+ T cells; these are the cells most affected in HIV infection
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opportunistic infections
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infections form microorganisms that normally do not cause disease in healthy people but are damaging to persons with compromised immune function
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aids-defining illnesses
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diseases and complications associated with later stages of an HIV infection, including wasting, recurrent bacterial pneumonia, opportunistic infections, and certain cancers
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lipodystrophy
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abnormalities in body fat and fat metabolism that may result form drug treatments for HIV infection. The accumulation of abdominal fat is sometimes called protease paunch
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buffalo hump
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the accumulation of fatty tissue at the base of the neck
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lipomas
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benign tumors composed of fatty tissue
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candidiases
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a fungal infection on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity and elsewhere; usually caused by candida albicans
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herpes simplex virus
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a common virus that can cause blister-like lesions on the lips and in the mouth
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kaposi's sarcoma
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a common cancer in HIV-infected persons that is characterized by lesions in the skin, lungs, and GI tract
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cryptosporidosis
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a foodborne illness caused by the parasite Cryptosporidium parvum
