Analyze the Chapter 23 Essay
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Abortion
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The termination of the pregnancy before the fetus reaches the age of viability (20 weeks).
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Adnexal
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Adjacent
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Amenorrhea
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The absence or cessation of the menstrual period. Amenorrhea occurs normally before puberty, during pregnancy, and after menopause.
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Atypical
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Deviation from the normal.
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Braxton Hicks contactions
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Intermittent and irregular painless uterine contractions that occur throughout pregnancy. They occur more frequently toward the end of pregnancy and are sometimes mistaken for true labor pains.
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Cervix
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The lower narrow end of the uterus that opens into the vagina.
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Colposcopy
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Examination of the cervix using a colposcope (a lighted instrument with a magnifying lens).
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Cytology
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The science that deals with the study of cells, including their origin, structure, function, and pathology.
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Dilation ( of the cervix)
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The stretching of the external os from an opening a few millimeters wide to an opening large enough to allow the passage of an infant (approximately 10cm.)
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Dysmenorrhea
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Pain associated with the menstrual period.
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Dyspareunia
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Pain in the vagina or pelvis experienced by a women during sexual intercourse.
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Dysplasia
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The growth of abnormal cells. Dyspasia is a precancerous condition that may or may not develop cancer.
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Ectocervix
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The part of the cervix that projects into the vagina and is lined with stratified squamous epithelium.
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Effacement
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The thinning and shortening of the cervical canal from its normal length of 1 to 2 cm to a structure with paper-thin edges in which there is no canal at all. Effacement along with dilation is to permit the passage of the infant into the birth canal.
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Embryo
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The child in utero from the time of conception to the beginning of the first trimester.
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Endocervix
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The mucous membrane lining the cervical canal.
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Engagement
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The entrance of the fetal head or the presenting part into the pelvic inlet.
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Expected date of delivery (EDD)
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The opening of the cervical canal of the uterus into the vagina.
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Fetal heart rate
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The number of times per minute the fetal heart beats.
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Fetal heart tones
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The sounds of the heartbeat of the fetus heard through the mother's abdominal wall.
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Fetus
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The child in utero from the third month after conception to birth; during the first 2 months of development, it is called an embryo.
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External os
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The opening of the cervical canal of the uterus into the vagina.
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Fundus
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The dome-shaped upper portion of the uterus between the fallopian tubes.
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Gestation
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The period of intrauterine development from conception to birth; during the first 2 months of development, it is called an embryo.
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Gestational age
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The age of the fetus between conception and birth.
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Gynecology
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The branch of medicine that deals with the diseases of reproductive organs of women.
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Infant
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A child from birth to 12 months of age.
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Menopause
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The permanent cessation of menstruation, which usually occurs between the ages of 45 and 55.
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Menorrhagia
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Excessive bleeding during a menstrual period, in the number of days or the amount of blood or both. Also known as dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB).
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Metrorrhagia
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Bleeding between menstrual periods.
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Multigravida
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A women who has been pregnant more than once.
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Multipara
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A women who has completed two or more pregnancies to the age pregnancies to the age of fetal viability regardless of whether they ended in live infants or stillbirths.
