Reform the Catholic Church

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During a time of religious and economic instability, _____ ruled Spain with a strong hand.
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Philip II
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As the Hapsburg king, ___ inherited Spain, Spain's American colonies, parts of Italy, and the lands in Austria and the Netherlands.
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Charles V
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As Holy Roman emperor, Charles V. ruled much of ___.
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Germany
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A devout ___, Charles not only fought Muslims but also opposed ___.
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Catholic Lutherans
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Charles unwillingly agreed to the _____, which allowed German princes to choose the religion for their territory.
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Peace of Augsburg
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Who was Charles V brother that received Austria and the Holy Roman Empire?
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Ferdinand
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Charles V.'s son, ____, inherited ___, the Spanish Netherlands,and the American colonies.
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Philip II Spain
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In 1580, the king of ___ died without an heir.
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Portugal
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Because ___ was the king's nephew, he seized the Portuguese kingdom.
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Philip
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Philip's empire provided him with incredible __.
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wealth
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With this wealth, Spain was able to support a large standing ____.
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Army
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When Philip assumed the throne, Europe was experiencing ___ wars caused by he ___.
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religious reformation
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The ___, the campaign to drive Muslims out of Spain, had been completed only sixty four years before.
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Reconquista
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Who were Philip's great grandparents who had used the Inquisition to investigate suspected heritics, or nonbelievers in Christianity.
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Isabella Ferdinand
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Philip believed it was his duty to defend Catholicism against the ___ of the Ottoman Empire and the ___ of Europe.
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Muslims Protestants
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In 1571, the pope called on all Catholic Princes to take up arms against the mounting power of the _____.
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Ottoman Empire
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More than 200 Spanish and Venetian ships defeated a large Ottoman fleet in a fierce battle near __.
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Lepanto
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Philip then launched the Spanish ___ in an attempt to punish Protestant England and its queen, ____ I.
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Armada Elizabeth
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___ had supported ____ subjects who had rebelled against Philip.
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Elizabeth rotestant
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Philip's fleet was ___.
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defeated
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These setbacks seriously weakened Spain, but its ___ gave it the appearance of strength for a while longer.
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wealth
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Philip's gray granite palace, the ____, had massive walls and huge gates that demonstrated his power and it also reflected Philip's faith.
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Escorial
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____ experienced a golden age in the arts.
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Spain
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The work of two great painters showed both the ___ and the ___ of ___ during this period
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faith pride Spain
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Born in Crete, ______ spent most of his adult life in Spain.
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El Greco
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El Greco means "the ___."
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Greek
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____ techniques showed the deep Catholic faith of Spain. He painted saints and martyrs as huge figures who have a supernatural air.
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El Greco
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The paintings of ______, reflected the pride of the Spanish monarchy. He was the court painter to Philip IV of Spain.
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Diego Velazquez
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Who was best known for his/her portraits of the royal family and scenes of court life. He was noted for using rich colors.
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Diego Velazquez
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The publication of Don Quixote de la Mancha in 1605 is often called the birth of the ____ European novel. In this book, ____ wrote about a poor Spanish nobleman who went a little crazy after reading too many books about heroic knights. Hoping to "right every manner of wrong," ________ rode forth in a rusty suit of armor, mounted on a feeble horse. At one point, he mistook some windmills for giants. Some critics believe that Cervantes was mocking chivalry, the knightly code of the Middle Ages. Others maintain that the book is about an idealistic person who longs for the romantic past because he is frustrated with his materialistic world.
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modern Miguel de Cervantes Don Quixote
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The gold and silver coming from the ____ made Spain temporarily wealthy (materialistic).
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Americas
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What is a decline in the value of money, accompanied by a rise in the prices of goods and services?
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Inflation
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What are the two main caused of Inflation?
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As more people demanded goods as Spain's population rose, merchants were able to raise prices. Second, as silver bullion flooded the market, its value dropped. People needed more and more amounts of silver to buy things.
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When Spain expelled the __ and the __ (___), it lost many valuable artisans and businesspeople.
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Jews Moors Muslims
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Spain's ___ didn't have to pay taxes.
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Nobles
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Spain NEVER developed a _________.
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middle class
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______ that had emerged in the Middle Ages still dominated business in ___.
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Guilds Spain
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To finance their wars, Spanish kings borrowed money from ___ and ___ bankers.
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German Italian
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Spain's great wealth flowed into the pockets of foreigners, who were mostly Spain's ___.
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enemies
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The economy was so feeble/weak that Philip had to declare the Spanish state bankrupt ___ times.
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three
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In the Spanish ___, Philip had to maintain an army to keep his subjects under control.
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Netherlands
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The ___ had little in common with their Spanish rulers.
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Dutch
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Even though Spain was Catholic, the Netherlands had many ____ congregations.
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Calvinist
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Did the Dutch in Spanish Netherlands have a sturdy middle class? Yes or no?
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Yes
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Philip raised the taxes in the Netherlands and took steps in crush ____.
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Protestantism
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In response, in 1566, angry Protestant mobs swept through ___ ___.
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Catholic churches
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Philip then sent an army under Spanish duke of ___ to punish the rebels.
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Alva
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Finally, in 1579, the seven northern provinces of the Netherlands, which were largely ____, united and declared their independence from ___. THEY BECAME THE UNITED PROVINCES OF THE NETHERLANDS.
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Protestant Spain
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The ten southern provinces were ___ and remained under ___ control.
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Catholic Spanish
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The United Provinces of the Netherlands practiced _______ and was a ____.
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Religious Toleration Republic
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Wealthy ___ supported/sponsored many of the Dutch artists.
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merchants
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______ was the greatest Dutch artist of the period. He painted portraits of wealthy middle-class merchants. He also produced group portraits. He also used sharp contrasts of light and shadow to draw attention to his focus.
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Rembrandt
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____ chose domestic, indoor settings for his portraits. He also painted women.
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Vermeer
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The stability of the government allowed the ___ people to concentrate on ___ growth.
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Dutch economic
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Who had the largest fleet of ships in the world?
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Dutch
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This fleet helped the Dutch East India Company (a trading company controlled by the Dutch government) to dominate the ________ and the Indian Ocean trade.
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Asian Spice Trade
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The ___ replaced the ____ as the BANKERS OF EUROPE.
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Dutch Italians
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Rulers like Philip II wanted to be ____, kings or queen who held all of the power within their states' boundaries.
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absolute monarchs
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Absolute monarchs believed in ______, the idea that God created the ___ and that the monarch aced as God's representative on Earth.
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Divine right monarchy
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An absolute monarch answered only to ___, NOT HIS OR HER _____.
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God subjects
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As Europe emerged from the Middle Ages, ____ grew increasingly powerful. The decline of ____, the rise of ____, and the growth of national ____ all helped to centralize authority.
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monarchs feudalism cities kingdoms
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The growing _______ usually backed monarchs, because they promised a peaceful, supportive climate or business.
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middle class
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Monarchs used the wealth from ___.
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colonies
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Whose authority also brooke down during the late Middle Ages and the Reformation?
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Church
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___ tried to impose order by increasing their own power.
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monarchs
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As absolute ___, they regulated everything from religious worship to social gatherings.
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rulers
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Whose goal was it to free themselves from the limitations imposed by the nobility and by representative bodies such as Parliament?
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monarchs
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