question

During a time of religious and economic instability, _____ ruled Spain with a strong hand.

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Philip II

question

As the Hapsburg king, ___ inherited Spain, Spain's American colonies, parts of Italy, and the lands in Austria and the Netherlands.

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Charles V

question

As Holy Roman emperor, Charles V. ruled much of ___.

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Germany

question

A devout ___, Charles not only fought Muslims but also opposed ___.

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Catholic Lutherans

question

Charles unwillingly agreed to the _____, which allowed German princes to choose the religion for their territory.

answer

Peace of Augsburg

question

Who was Charles V brother that received Austria and the Holy Roman Empire?

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Ferdinand

question

Charles V.'s son, ____, inherited ___, the Spanish Netherlands,and the American colonies.

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Philip II Spain

question

In 1580, the king of ___ died without an heir.

answer

Portugal

question

Because ___ was the king's nephew, he seized the Portuguese kingdom.

answer

Philip

question

Philip's empire provided him with incredible __.

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wealth

question

With this wealth, Spain was able to support a large standing ____.

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Army

question

When Philip assumed the throne, Europe was experiencing ___ wars caused by he ___.

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religious reformation

question

The ___, the campaign to drive Muslims out of Spain, had been completed only sixty four years before.

answer

Reconquista

question

Who were Philip's great grandparents who had used the Inquisition to investigate suspected heritics, or nonbelievers in Christianity.

answer

Isabella Ferdinand

question

Philip believed it was his duty to defend Catholicism against the ___ of the Ottoman Empire and the ___ of Europe.

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Muslims Protestants

question

In 1571, the pope called on all Catholic Princes to take up arms against the mounting power of the _____.

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Ottoman Empire

question

More than 200 Spanish and Venetian ships defeated a large Ottoman fleet in a fierce battle near __.

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Lepanto

question

Philip then launched the Spanish ___ in an attempt to punish Protestant England and its queen, ____ I.

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Armada Elizabeth

question

___ had supported ____ subjects who had rebelled against Philip.

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Elizabeth rotestant

question

Philip's fleet was ___.

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defeated

question

These setbacks seriously weakened Spain, but its ___ gave it the appearance of strength for a while longer.

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wealth

question

Philip's gray granite palace, the ____, had massive walls and huge gates that demonstrated his power and it also reflected Philip's faith.

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Escorial

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____ experienced a golden age in the arts.

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Spain

question

The work of two great painters showed both the ___ and the ___ of ___ during this period

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faith pride Spain

question

Born in Crete, ______ spent most of his adult life in Spain.

answer

El Greco

question

El Greco means "the ___."

answer

Greek

question

____ techniques showed the deep Catholic faith of Spain. He painted saints and martyrs as huge figures who have a supernatural air.

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El Greco

question

The paintings of ______, reflected the pride of the Spanish monarchy. He was the court painter to Philip IV of Spain.

answer

Diego Velazquez

question

Who was best known for his/her portraits of the royal family and scenes of court life. He was noted for using rich colors.

answer

Diego Velazquez

question

The publication of Don Quixote de la Mancha in 1605 is often called the birth of the ____ European novel. In this book, ____ wrote about a poor Spanish nobleman who went a little crazy after reading too many books about heroic knights. Hoping to "right every manner of wrong," ________ rode forth in a rusty suit of armor, mounted on a feeble horse. At one point, he mistook some windmills for giants. Some critics believe that Cervantes was mocking chivalry, the knightly code of the Middle Ages. Others maintain that the book is about an idealistic person who longs for the romantic past because he is frustrated with his materialistic world.

answer

modern Miguel de Cervantes Don Quixote

question

The gold and silver coming from the ____ made Spain temporarily wealthy (materialistic).

answer

Americas

question

What is a decline in the value of money, accompanied by a rise in the prices of goods and services?

answer

Inflation

question

What are the two main caused of Inflation?

answer

As more people demanded goods as Spain's population rose, merchants were able to raise prices. Second, as silver bullion flooded the market, its value dropped. People needed more and more amounts of silver to buy things.

question

When Spain expelled the __ and the __ (___), it lost many valuable artisans and businesspeople.

answer

Jews Moors Muslims

question

Spain's ___ didn't have to pay taxes.

answer

Nobles

question

Spain NEVER developed a _________.

answer

middle class

question

______ that had emerged in the Middle Ages still dominated business in ___.

answer

Guilds Spain

question

To finance their wars, Spanish kings borrowed money from ___ and ___ bankers.

answer

German Italian

question

Spain's great wealth flowed into the pockets of foreigners, who were mostly Spain's ___.

answer

enemies

question

The economy was so feeble/weak that Philip had to declare the Spanish state bankrupt ___ times.

answer

three

question

In the Spanish ___, Philip had to maintain an army to keep his subjects under control.

answer

Netherlands

question

The ___ had little in common with their Spanish rulers.

answer

Dutch

question

Even though Spain was Catholic, the Netherlands had many ____ congregations.

answer

Calvinist

question

Did the Dutch in Spanish Netherlands have a sturdy middle class? Yes or no?

answer

Yes

question

Philip raised the taxes in the Netherlands and took steps in crush ____.

answer

Protestantism

question

In response, in 1566, angry Protestant mobs swept through ___ ___.

answer

Catholic churches

question

Philip then sent an army under Spanish duke of ___ to punish the rebels.

answer

Alva

question

Finally, in 1579, the seven northern provinces of the Netherlands, which were largely ____, united and declared their independence from ___. THEY BECAME THE UNITED PROVINCES OF THE NETHERLANDS.

answer

Protestant Spain

question

The ten southern provinces were ___ and remained under ___ control.

answer

Catholic Spanish

question

The United Provinces of the Netherlands practiced _______ and was a ____.

answer

Religious Toleration Republic

question

Wealthy ___ supported/sponsored many of the Dutch artists.

answer

merchants

question

______ was the greatest Dutch artist of the period. He painted portraits of wealthy middle-class merchants. He also produced group portraits. He also used sharp contrasts of light and shadow to draw attention to his focus.

answer

Rembrandt

question

____ chose domestic, indoor settings for his portraits. He also painted women.

answer

Vermeer

question

The stability of the government allowed the ___ people to concentrate on ___ growth.

answer

Dutch economic

question

Who had the largest fleet of ships in the world?

answer

Dutch

question

This fleet helped the Dutch East India Company (a trading company controlled by the Dutch government) to dominate the ________ and the Indian Ocean trade.

answer

Asian Spice Trade

question

The ___ replaced the ____ as the BANKERS OF EUROPE.

answer

Dutch Italians

question

Rulers like Philip II wanted to be ____, kings or queen who held all of the power within their states' boundaries.

answer

absolute monarchs

question

Absolute monarchs believed in ______, the idea that God created the ___ and that the monarch aced as God's representative on Earth.

answer

Divine right monarchy

question

An absolute monarch answered only to ___, NOT HIS OR HER _____.

answer

God subjects

question

As Europe emerged from the Middle Ages, ____ grew increasingly powerful. The decline of ____, the rise of ____, and the growth of national ____ all helped to centralize authority.

answer

monarchs feudalism cities kingdoms

question

The growing _______ usually backed monarchs, because they promised a peaceful, supportive climate or business.

answer

middle class

question

Monarchs used the wealth from ___.

answer

colonies

question

Whose authority also brooke down during the late Middle Ages and the Reformation?

answer

Church

question

___ tried to impose order by increasing their own power.

answer

monarchs

question

As absolute ___, they regulated everything from religious worship to social gatherings.

answer

rulers

question

Whose goal was it to free themselves from the limitations imposed by the nobility and by representative bodies such as Parliament?

answer

monarchs

Reform the Catholic Church

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