Chapter 21 Example Questions – Flashcards with Answers
53 test answers
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answers 53question
As air moves from the nasal cavity to the glottis it passes through the pharynx in this order, __________.
answer
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
Unlock the answer
question
The "Adam's apple" is part of the __________.
answer
the thyroid cartilage
Unlock the answer
question
The posterior tracheal wall contacts the __________.
answer
esophagus
Unlock the answer
question
If the production of surfactant by type II alveolar cells (septal cells) is inadequate, which of these changes is expected? a. increased inspiratory effort b. alveolar collapse c. respiratory distress syndrome d. All of these changes can be expected if the production of surfactant is inadequate.
answer
d. All of these changes can be expected if the production of surfactant is inadequate.
Unlock the answer
question
The correct arrangement of gas exchange structures from largest to smallest is __________.
answer
respiratory bronchiole; alveolar duct; alveolar sac; alveolus
Unlock the answer
question
Features visible on the surface of the lung include all of these except __________.
answer
parietal pleura
Unlock the answer
question
The nasal cavity:
answer
is part of the upper respiratory system.
Unlock the answer
question
Which type of epithelium lines the inferior portions of the pharynx?
answer
stratified squamous epithelium
Unlock the answer
question
Which upper respiratory structure includes the portion of the pharynx between the hyoid bone and the entrance to the larynx and esophagus?
answer
laryngopharynx
Unlock the answer
question
The nasal cavity opens into the nasopharynx through which structure?
answer
internal nares
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following is a cartilaginous structure that surrounds and protects the glottis?
answer
larynx
Unlock the answer
question
Which structure(s) function(s) in the opening and closing of the glottis and the production of sound?
answer
corniculate and arytenoid cartilages
Unlock the answer
question
Each terminal bronchiole supplies which singular structure?
answer
pulmonary lobule
Unlock the answer
question
Choose the correct statement regarding the trachea or bronchi.
answer
The right primary bronchus is larger in diameter than the left primary bronchus.
Unlock the answer
question
Which structure is located most superior at the hilum of the left lung?
answer
pulmonary artery
Unlock the answer
question
During inhalation,
answer
the diaphragm and rib muscles contract.
Unlock the answer
question
From which structures do oxygen molecules move from the lungs to the blood?
answer
Alveoli
Unlock the answer
question
Which statement is correct?
answer
In the blood, oxygen is bound to hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells.
Unlock the answer
question
After blood becomes oxygenated,
answer
it returns to the heart, and is then pumped to body cells.
Unlock the answer
question
Hemoglobin
answer
is a protein that can bind four molecules of oxygen
Unlock the answer
question
During inhalation:
answer
pressure inside the lungs is less than pressure outside the body
Unlock the answer
question
Internal respiration:
answer
is the absorption of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide by tissue cells
Unlock the answer
question
Regarding Boyle's law, which condition, for a gas in a closed container and at a constant temperature, is correct?
answer
If the volume of the gas is decreased, its pressure will increase.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following pulmonary characteristics is calculated by adding the vital capacity and the residual volume?
answer
total lung capacity
Unlock the answer
question
The vital capacity is:
answer
the maximum amount of air that one can move into or out of the lungs in a single respiratory cycle
Unlock the answer
question
During a single quiet respiratory cycle, inhaling more vigorously and exhaling more completely can increase which of the following?
answer
tidal volume
Unlock the answer
question
External respiration includes all of these processes except __________.
answer
release of carbon dioxide by tissue cells
Unlock the answer
question
All these muscles participate in inspiration except __________.
answer
internal intercostals
Unlock the answer
question
Which of these does not contribute to vital capacity?
answer
residual volume
Unlock the answer
question
The difference in partial pressure of carbon dioxide between venous and arterial blood is about __________.
answer
5 mmHg
Unlock the answer
question
Which of these changes will decrease the effectiveness of gas exchange across the respiratory membrane?
answer
increased thickness of the respiratory membrane
Unlock the answer
question
Which of these contributes to effective gas exchange?
answer
All of these properties contribute to effective gas exchange.
Unlock the answer
question
If the hemoglobin molecules in a blood sample each had a single oxygen molecule bound to it on average, the saturation is __________.
answer
25%
Unlock the answer
question
As blood flows through a capillary, the pH drops as carbon dioxide enters; this, in turn, leads the hemoglobin to release some of its oxygen. Are these two statements true or false?
answer
Both statements are true.
Unlock the answer
question
Most oxygen is transported in the blood stream while it is __________.
answer
bound to hemoglobin
Unlock the answer
question
The basic pattern of breathing is established by the __________ located in the __________.
answer
dorsal respiratory group; medulla oblongata
Unlock the answer
question
Which class of sensory receptor can modify respiratory reflexes?
answer
All of these sensory receptors can modify respiratory reflexes.
Unlock the answer
question
The respiratory centers are located in __________.
answer
both the medulla oblongata and the pons
Unlock the answer
question
As a percentage of a young adult's capacity, smokers lose 25% of their respiratory capacity by age 48; non-smokers don't reach that level of loss until about age 75. Are these two statements true or false?
answer
Both statements are true.
Unlock the answer
question
The respiratory system has very extensive connections with the __________ system.
answer
cardiovascular
Unlock the answer
question
In order for the respiratory system to maintain homeostatic tissue levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide, it must coordinate constantly with the __________ system.
answer
cardiovascular
Unlock the answer
question
Respiratory minute volume, VE:
answer
is calculated by multiplying the respiratory rate, f, by the tidal volume, VT.
Unlock the answer
question
Which is true regarding the Bohr effect on the oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve?
answer
If the pH decreases, hemoglobin releases more oxygen.
Unlock the answer
question
Which characteristic is correct regarding an oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve?
answer
Where the slope is steep, a very small change in plasma PO2 will result in a large change in the amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin or released from oxyhemoglobin.
Unlock the answer
question
Most of the carbon dioxide that is absorbed by blood:
answer
is converted to carbonic acid.
Unlock the answer
question
Emphysema:
answer
occurs due to the destruction of alveolar surfaces and inadequate surface area for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange.
Unlock the answer
question
Which is true regarding the compliance of the lungs?
answer
The lower the compliance, the less easily air flows along the conducting passages.
Unlock the answer
question
Which is a structural or functional characteristic of the inflation reflex?
answer
It inhibits respiratory muscles via the respiratory rhythmicity centers
Unlock the answer
question
Which statement regarding lung cancer is correct?
answer
Since 1992, the incidence of lung cancer among women has been increasing.
Unlock the answer