question

The branch of biology that is concerned with identifying, naming and classifying organisms is called _____. A) taxidermy B) ecology C) systematics D) taxonomy

answer

D. taxonomy

question

Aristotle created a primitive method of classifying organisms as early as 350 BC. A) True B) False

answer

A. True

question

The binomial system of naming species was developed by _____. A) Mendel B) Linnaeus C) Darwin D) Watson and Crick

answer

B. Linnaeus

question

The first word in an organism's binomial name refers to the _____. A) family B) species C) genus D) kingdom

answer

C. genus

question

Latin scientific names identify specific organisms whose common names may vary from country to country. A) True B) False

answer

A. True

question

The specific epithet sometimes tells us something descriptive about the organism. A) True B) False

answer

A. True

question

The second word in an organism's scientific name _____. A) refers to one species within the genus B) is the specific epithet C) gives no clue as to species if used alone D) all of the above

answer

D. all of the above

question

A natural system of classification reflects the evolutionary history of organisms. A) True B) False

answer

A.True

question

Changes are made in classification when _____ data increases. A) molecular B) fossil C) anatomical D) all of the above

answer

D. all of the above

question

The field of taxonomy is static and unchanging. A) True B) False

answer

B. False

question

Approximately _____ species of animals, plants and microorganisms have been named. A) 500,000 B) 1.5 million C) 3 million D) 30 million

answer

B. 1.5 million

question

The genus name can be used alone to refer to a group of related species. A) True B) False

answer

A. True

question

For Linnaeus, each species _____. A) could be distinguished by its unique structural characteristics B) was reproductively isolated C) was distinguished by its DNA D) had a specific geographic range

answer

A. could be distinguished by its unique structural characteristics

question

A three-part name is sometimes used to refer to a genus, species and subspecies. A) True B) False

answer

A. True

question

The biological definition of a species _____. A) recognizes that distinctive characteristics that are passed from parent to offspring B) states that members of a species interbreed C) says that members of a species share the same gene pool D) all of the above

answer

D. all of the above

question

Sexually reproducing organisms are always reproductively isolated. A) True B) False

answer

B. False

question

Species in the same genus share a more recent common ancestor than do species from different genera. A) True B) False

answer

A. True

question

The plant kingdom uses the category _____ instead of phylum. A) genus B) order C) domain D) division

answer

D. division

question

Organisms in the same kingdom have specific characteristics in common. A) True B) False

answer

B. False

question

The most inclusive category of classification is _____. A) species B) kingdom C) domain D) class

answer

C. domain

question

Organisms in a particular classification category have _____ features in common. A) structural B) molecular C) chromosomal D) all of the above

answer

D. all of the above

question

The higher the classification category, the more inclusive it is. A) True B) False

answer

A. True

question

Sexual dimorphism in some species may make it difficult to tell when an organism belongs to a particular species. A) True B) False

answer

A. True

question

Organisms in the class Mammalia all have _____. A) milk producing mammary glands B) cells with a membrane-bounded nucleus C) a dorsal hollow nerve cord D) all of the above

answer

D. all of the above

question

Organisms classified in Kingdom Animalia _____. A) are motile unicellular organisms B) have a notochord at some time in their life cycle C) have hair D) lack claws, scales, horns and hoofs

answer

A. are motile unicellular

question

Systematics _____. A) studies the diversity of organisms at all levels of organization B) determines the evolutionary history of a group of organisms C) both A and B

answer

C. both A and B

question

When two species are closely related they _____. A) share a gene pool B) share a common ancestor C) interbreed D) all of the above

answer

B. share a common ancestor

question

A _____ character is present in the common ancestor and all members of a group. A) primitive B) derived

answer

A. primitive

question

A diagram that indicates common ancestors and lines of descent is called a _____. A) karyotype B) pedigree chart C) phylogenetic tree D) Punnett square

answer

C. phylogenetic tree

question

Each line of descent from a common ancestor has different derived characters. A) True B) False

answer

A. True

question

Which of the following statements about the fossil record is true? A) Fossils can be dated. B) It may not be possible to tell which group a fossil is related. C) The fossil record is incomplete since soft parts are eaten or decay before they can be buried. D) all of the above

answer

D. all of the above

question

Homologous structures are _____. A) the result of common descent B) have the same function in different groups but don't have a common ancestry C) are the result of convergent evolution D) all of the above

answer

A. the results of common descent

question

Cacti and spurges adapted to hot, dry environments on different continents through _____. A) parallel evolution B) convergent evolution C) common descent

answer

B. convergent evolution

question

The relatedness of groups of organisms is more accurately determined when _____ data is examined. A) molecular B) fossil C) homology

answer

A. molecular

question

During DNA hybridization, the more _____ related two species are, the better the DNA strands stick together. A) distantly B) closely

answer

B. closely

question

The sequencing of _____ helped investigators conclude that all living things can be classified into one of three domains. A) DNA B) cytochrome c C) rRNA D) hemoglobin

answer

C. rRNA

question

When determining the phylogeny of closely related species, investigators study _____ because it changes so quickly. A) rRNA B) mitochondrial DNA C) cytochrome c D) nuclear DNA

answer

B. mitochondrial DNA

question

In cladistics, phylogeny is determined by analyzing shared _____ characters. A) primitive B) derived C) both A and B

answer

B. derived

question

A cladogram is considered a phylogenetic tree. A) True B) False

answer

A. True

question

The structures that are present in the outgroup and also in the study group are _____. A) primitive characters B) shared derived characters

answer

A. primitive characteristics

question

The taxa that will be placed in clades in a cladogram form the _____. A) outgroup B) study group

answer

B. study groups

question

A cladogram is constructed so the fewest number of unexplained shared derived characters exist. A) True B) False

answer

A. True

question

What is the sequence in which the following characters evolved during the evolutionary history of vertebrates? 1. lungs and three-chambered heart 2. vertebrae 3. amniotic egg and internal fertilization A) 1, 2, 3 B) 2, 1, 3 C) 3, 1, 2 D) none of the above

answer

B. 2, 1, 3

question

Which of the following is true of a cladogram? A) It is subjective and reflects the bias of the investigator who created it. B) It tells us the exact time at which derived characters evolved. C) It shows the sequence in which characters evolved in the group being studied. D) none of the above

answer

C. It shows the sequence in which characters evolved in the group being studied.

question

Characters found in one or scattered taxa are included in a cladogram. A) True B) False

answer

B. False

question

According to cladists, crocodiles, dinosaurs, and birds should not be in the same subclass. A) True B) False

answer

B. False

question

Species are classified according to the number of similarities they have in _____ systematics. A) traditional B) cladistic C) phenetic

answer

C. phenetic

question

Traditionalists stress _____ when constructing phylogenetic trees. A) common ancestry B) the degree of structural difference among divergent groups C) both A and B

answer

C. both A and B

question

Traditionalists classify mammals and birds into _____. A) separate classes B) the same clade

answer

A. separate classes

question

Traditionalists say _____ evolved from reptiles. A) birds B) amphibians C) mammals D) both A and C

answer

D. both A and C

question

Cladists are very strict about making sure all taxa are monophyletic. A) True B) False

answer

A. True

question

In what order would phenetic systematists construct a phenogram? 1. count the number of traits two species share 2. measure as many traits as possible 3. estimate the degree of relatedness A) 1, 2, 3 B) 2, 3, 1 C) 3, 1, 2 D) 2, 1, 3

answer

D. 2, 1, 3

question

An inherent problem with phenograms is that phenetic systematists ignore the possibility that some of the shared characteristics may be the result of convergent or parallel evolution. A) True B) False

answer

A. True

question

The five kingdoms are distinguished on the basis of type of _____. A) cell B) nutrition C) level of organization D) all of the above

answer

D. all of the above

question

From Aristotle's time until the mid-twentieth century, only two kingdoms were recognized. A) True B) False

answer

A. True

question

Using a traditional five kingdom system of classification, a multicellular, autotrophic, eukaryotic organism would be classified as a _____. A) protist B) fungus C) plant D) animal

answer

C. plant

question

Using a traditional five kingdom system of classification, a prokaryotic organism is classified as a _____. A) fungus B) moneran C) animal D) protist

answer

B. moneran

question

In the 1880s, Ernst Haeckel proposed adding the _____ kingdom to the system of classification in order to separate the unicellular microscopic organisms from the multicellular largely macroscopic ones. A) protist B) monera C) fungus D) animal

answer

A. protist

question

Which of the following does not describe at least some of the organisms of kingdom Protista? A) eukaryotic B) unicellular C) photosynthetic D) prokaryotic

answer

D. prokaryotic

question

It is suggested that protists evolved from _____according to the five kingdom system of classification. A) plants B) fungi C) monerans D) animals

answer

C. monerans

question

Which of the following is best described as a heterotrophic saprotroph? A) fungi B) plants C) animals

answer

A. fungi

question

The kingdom Protista contains a diverse group of organisms that are hard to classify and define. A) True B) False

answer

A. True

question

Kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia contain organisms composed of _____ cells. A) prokaryotic B) eukaryotic

answer

B. eukaryotic

question

Organisms that are eukaryotes that form spores, lack flagella, and have cell walls containing chitin are classified as _____. A) plants B) animals C) fungi D) protists

answer

C. fungi

question

According to the five kingdom system of classification, fungi, plants and animals are believed to have evolved from protists via three separate lines of evolution. A) True B) False

answer

A. True

question

Which of the following does not practice sexual reproduction? A) monerans B) animals C) fungi D) plants

answer

A. monerans

question

Which of the following categories of classification is higher than the kingdom category? A) superorder B) division C) domain D) species

answer

C. domain

question

Which of the following would be classified as Archaea? A) thermoacidophiles B) methanogens C) halophiles D) all of the above

answer

D. all of the above

question

The archaea have branched phospholipids in their plasma membranes which may make the membrane more resistant to extreme environmental conditions. A) True B) False

answer

A. True

question

Organisms in the Domain Eukarya all have cells with _____. A) a cell wall B) a nucleus C) chloroplasts D) centrioles

answer

B. a nucleus

question

The organisms which used to be classified in Kingdom Monera are now classified as Domain _____. A) Archaea B) Bacteria C) Eukarya D) both A and B

answer

D. both A and B

question

The archaea and eukarya are more closely related to each other than either is to the bacteria. A) True B) False

answer

A. True

question

The domain Eukarya contains _____ kingdoms. A) one B) two C) three D) four

answer

D. four

question

The ability to quickly sequence genes will do away with the need for any subjective analyses and make classification a purely objective science. A) True B) False

answer

A. True

question

The sequencing of _____ suggests that all organisms evolved from a common ancestor along three distinct lineages. A) mitochondrial DNA B) rRNA C) cytochrome c

answer

B. rRNA

question

Which of the following is a kingdom of multicellular, photosynthetic organsisms from the domain eukarya? A) Animalia. B) Plantae. C) Archaea. D) Fungi.

answer

B. Plantae

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