Chapter 2 Population Geography AP human – Flashcards
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The study of human population distribution and migration
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Demographic
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4 Key issues of demographics _____, _______, .....
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Food supply, Health and life expectancy, Status of women, Migration
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How is the population distributed across the world
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clustered
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Type of land that's most distributed by population
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mid latitude climates
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Type of land that's least distributed by population
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polar and dry climates or highlands
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Total number of people divided by the total land area
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Arithmetic density
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The number of people per unit of arable land
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Physiological density
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1st major population cluster
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East Asia (1/4 of the world's population is here)
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The only 2 Asian countries remotely focused on urban and cities
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Japan and Korea
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what's the majority occupation of the population in East Asia
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Farmers
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2nd major population cluster
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South Asia (includes India)
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3rd major population cluster
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Europe
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What is the majority in Europe, rural or urban
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Urban (Very; 75%-90% of the population live in cities)
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what is Europe's distribution more closely tied to
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coal fields
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the four Major Population clusters
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North America, Europe, South Asia, East Asia
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4th major population cluster
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North America
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What is the factors that don't effect NIR
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Emigration and immigration
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the average number of children that would be born to each woman if during her child-bearing years
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Total Fertility Rate
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what is the replacement level of the TFR
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2.1-2.5 children
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What event happen in America after the end of WWII that caused an increase on CBR
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baby boom
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The total number of deaths in a year for every 1000 people alive in the society
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Crude Death rate
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the number of deaths of children under the age of 1, per 1000 living people in a society
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Infant Mortality Rate
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Which kind of land has the most dramatic decrease in IMR
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Urban industrial west
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The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions.
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Life Expectancy
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The number of people under the age of 15 and over age 64, compared to the number of people active in the labor force.
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Dependency ratio
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Demographic transition is based on the experience of what?
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Western Europe's Industrial Age
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The shift from high to low mortality and fertility through four distinct stages (territories can go through all these stages in a row until they reach the last stage ; but some remain in the same stage)
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Demographic Transition
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•demographic transition •high CBR and high CDR •NIR: 0 •lack of good agriculture and lack of medical help
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Stage 1 ( low growth; high fluctuating)
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how many countries are at stage 1 of the demographic transition
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none
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demographic transition •CDR declines and CBR remains/barely changes •high NIR •improved health care and improved agriculture •starts when the dead rate begins to drop for years, until the beginning of stabilization at a new, low level.
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Stage 2 ( High growth; Early Expanding)
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what ended Stage 1 and moved to stage 2 ( demographic transition)
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Agricultural revolution and medical revolution
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Demographic transition •next the birth rate falls to about the same, low level as the death rate •Gap of CBR and CDR is short •CDR is low but didn't change much from the previous stage •CBR is declining (low)
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Stage 3 ( moderate growth; late expanding)
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what stage changed made women to change and decide to join the working force
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Stage 3
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•Low CDR and low CBR •NIR: 0 •Fully developed middle class •Politically stability •economy settled
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Stage 4 (low fluctuating; low growth)
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total fertility rate at which women give birth to enough babies to sustain population levels
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replacement level
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The total number of live births in a year for every 1000 people alive in the society
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Crude birth rate
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Demographic Transition Stage? USA Japan Britain Sweden
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Stage 4
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Demographic transition stage? China Brazil Typical Britain in late 19th century & 20th century
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Stage 3
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Demographic Transition stage? Bangladesh Nigeria Typical of Britain in 19th century
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stage 2
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how many countries are at stage 2 and 3 of the demographic transition
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majority of the world
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how many countries are at stage 4
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few
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How do you solve the NIR
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CBR-CDR= NIR (ex: CBR=20/1000 CDR= 10/1000 20-10= NIR)
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Is the demographic model flexible for everythinhg?
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No ( has limitations; doesn't apply to all countries)
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LDC?
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less developed country
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MDC?
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more developed country
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The percentage growth of a population in a year
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natural increase rate
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The world's population NIR of each year is what?
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1.2%
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When did global NIR peak, and what was it? ____;____
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1963; NIR=2.2%
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About how many people are being added to the world's population each year
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80 million
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The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase
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Doubling time
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In what world regions is most growth occuring
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Southwest Asia and Africa
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What is the global "average" TFR?
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2.6%
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How are these mortality rates (IMR and the Life expectancy) distributed?
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IMR and life expectancy show the connections of a region's growth with other factors that effect the NIR (Ex: diseases, price of health, insurance, climate, etc.)
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Note the locations of the global "highs and lows" in TFR.
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H: Most parts of Africa L: Canada and most parts of Europe
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The shape of a pyramid is primarily determined by what demographic rate?
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CBR of the community
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What does the "graying" of a population refer to?
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That a higher percentage of people are elder ( it puts a strain on the government and economy
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the number of males/ 100 females in a population
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Sex Ratio
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What type of countries/regions will have more males than females?
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Stage 2
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Identify the 1st big break in the demographic transition
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The decline of in CDR
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Identify the 2nd big break in the demographic transition
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The sudden drop of CBR
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In what sense can we say that the 1st break came to "Europe and North America" for what 'reasons' and in what 'ways'?
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Industrial revolution ( causing many to become RICH; ends up with BETTER health care)
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In what sense can we say that the 1st break came to "Africa, Asia, and Latin America" for what 'reasons' and in what 'ways'?
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The medical revolution from North America and Europe ( ex: intescide, new medicine, STOPPED the natural causes of death)
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Higher the CBR, the ____ the pyramid is
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more broad
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What is the cause of the 1st big break in the demographic transition
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Technological innovation (Examples for the cause: industrial revolution medical revolution, etc.)
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What is the cause of the 2nd big break in the demographic transition
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Causes: changing social customs (made the choice of not having many children)
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demographic transition Decreasing population growth negative NIR
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Stage 5
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display a country's population in a bar graph form.
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Population pyramid
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5 year groups of the population pyramid
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cohorts
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Age range at the base of the pyramid
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0-4 years old (youngest)
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Males are shown at what side of the population pyramid
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left
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females are shown at what side of the population pyramid
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right
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poorer countries have what kind of population pyramid (shape)
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pyramid
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wealthier countries have what kind of population pyramid (shape)
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lopsided vase
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the shape of the population pyramid -Population is aging -TFRs are declining
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lopsided vase
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the shape of the population pyramid -Infant mortality rates are high -life expectancy is shorter
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pyramid
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Epidemiologic Transition of what stage in the demographic transition hunting-gathering to primary food production
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first transition
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Epidemiologic Transition of what stage in the demographic transition -in modern times with infectious diseases under control -chronic, noninfectious, degenerative diseases rising.
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second transition
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who published an "Essay on the Principle of Population" in which he argued that food production would always be outpaced by population growth.
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Thomas Malthus
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Malthus Theory
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Distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition
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epidemiologic transition
