Chapter 19: The Circulatory System: Heart Practice Problems – Flashcards
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What structures are considered to be part of the cardiac conduction system?
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AV node; SA node; Purkinje fibers
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The portion of the cardiac conduction system located in the lower end of the interatrial septum is the ____ ____.
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atrioventricular node
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The amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle is ____ the amount of blood pumped by the right ventricle.
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equal to
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List in order the three layers of the heart wall from deep to superficial.
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1. endocardium 2. myocardium 3. epicardium
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The term ____ refers to relaxation of the heart.
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diastole
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The ______ are the lower chambers of the heart that pump blood to lungs and to the body.
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ventricles
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Which are the components of the cardiovascular system?
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heart, arteries, veins, capillaries
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Which side of the heart pumps blood to lungs?
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right
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The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle multiplied by the heart rate, as measured in liters/minute is known as the ____ ____.
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cardiac output
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______ are short, thick, branched muscle cells of the heart.
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cardiocytes
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The _____ is a composite recording of all nodal and myocardial action potentials.
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ECG
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Place the following chambers in the correct order to best represent the flow of blood through the heart once blood has returned to the heart from SVC and IVC
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1. right atrium 2. right ventricle 3. left atrium 4. left ventricle
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The blunt inferior point or tip of the heart is known as the _____.
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apex
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Th _____ circuit of the cardiovasular system carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for gas exchange and returns it to the left atrium of the heart.
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pulmonary
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List in the correct order the major phases of the cardiac cycle following ventricular filling.
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1. isovolumetric contraction 2. ventricular ejection 3. isovolumetric relaxation
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The depolarization of the SA node (from threshold to peak) is due to the inflow of __ and ___ iions.
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calcium; sodium
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The circuit of the cardiovascular system that carries blood to the body (excluding the interior of the lungs) then returns it to the right of the heart is the ____ circulation.
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systemic
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The study of the heart and its disorders is known as:
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cardiology
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Blood vessel indicated.
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inferior vena cava
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The _____ circuit of the cardiovascular system carries blood ot the lungs for gas exchange and returns it to the heart.
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pulmonary
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When a normal heart rate is established by the appropriate firing of the SA node, this is known as a _____ (cardiac) rhythm.
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sinus
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Identify the indicated part of the cardiac conduction system.
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Purkinje fibers
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The _____ side of the heart supplies blood to the systemic circuit.
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left
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The broad flat superior top portion of the heart is known as the ____.
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base
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The blood vessel indicated is the:
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aorta
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List in order the events of an action potential of a ventricular cardiocyte.
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1. voltage-gated Na channels open 2. influx of Na causes more Na channels to open; depolarization 3. Na channels close as membrane potential peaks at +30 mV 4. Ca enters through slow calcium channels; creates plateau 5. Ca channels close, K channels open; repolarization
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Indicate which of the chemicals can cause an increase in HR.
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nicotine, thyroid hormone, caffeine
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Excitation in the cardiac conduction system leaves the AV node by way of the ______ bundle, also known as the bundle of His.
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atrioventricular
