Chapter 16-Evidence of Evolution – Flashcards
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The forelimbs of early mammals were similar in all features except
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function
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Fossils found in the lowest geological strata are generally the most
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primitive
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Scientist began to question the perfection of the Chain of Being because of
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all of the choice
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The study of the patterns in the distribution of plants and animals around the world is
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biogeography
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George Cuvier was a strong component of the theory of
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catastrophism
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The theory of catastrophism
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held that after a series of massive extinctions, the world was repopulated by survivors of existing species
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There is no convincing fossil evidence for which of the following
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castastrophism
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Which of the following states is not true concerning Lamarck's theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics?
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Nature selects the best adapted individuals to survive and reproduce
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Darwin's mentor, who arranged for Darwin's position on HMS Beagle was
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John Henslow
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The place Darwin visited on his trip around the world that had the greatest impact on his thinking was
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The Galapagos Islands
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Darwin was influenced by which of the following concepts attributed to Charles Lyell?
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The geological forces in Earth's history show predictable uniformity.
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In Argentina, Darwin noted the similarity of fossils of glyptodonts to modern
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armadillos
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According to Darwin, natural selection is based on the ____ found in populations
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variations
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Thomas Malthus propsed that
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The population multiplied faster than the food supply
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The person credited with being the codiscoverer of the theory of natural selection was
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Alfred Wallace
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The feature of Darwin's finches that underwent modification was the
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beak
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Which of the follow was not one of Darwin's observations?
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Most individuals have an equal chance to survive and reproduce
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The idea that fossils were the remnants of ancient forms of life was developed because
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all of these.
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The fossil record is incomplete because
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all of these
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Fossils would include
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all of these
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Which of the following organisms would you expect to find preserved as a fossil?
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a shelled arthropod such as a trilobite
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which of the following habitats is most likely to be rich in fossils?
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bed of former shallow sea
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Radiometric dating of the most ancient fossils uses the
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ratio of uranium to lead in volcanic rock found with the fossils
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Life probably originated during which geological time?
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Archaean
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The large land mass that contained all the continents was called
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Pangea
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Plate tectonic theory is based on
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the movement of Earth's crust
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Which of the following was not originally part of Gondwana?
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North America
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The convergence in external morphology of sharks, penguins, and porpoises is attributed to
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selection pressures that are common to these groups
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Which of the following serve as examples of morphological convergence?
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sharks, penguins, and porpoises
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Possible evolutionary relationships, when determined solely by the study of comparative morphology, may be incorrect due to
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morphological convergence
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The wings of a bird and the wings of a butterfly are ___ and show morphological _____
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analogous; convergence
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Which of the following would be considered more primitive based upon the structure of their limbs?
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early reptiles
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The study of early life stages has revealed the conservative nature of the genes responsible for
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embryonic development
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What gene controls the expressions of the D1x gene in vertebrates?
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HOX
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Comparisions of protein similarity between species can reveal the degree of genetic kinship because
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specific amino acids are dictated by known nucleotide sequences
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Nucleic acid hybridization studies
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measure the amount of hear necessary to separate two single stands of DNA that have allowed to fuse together
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The most conclusive evidence used in establishing the relationship of closely related species is
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nuclic acid sequencing
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Which of the following is not a useful indicator of phylogenetic relatedness?
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similar ecological requirements
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Which mutations are not subject to natural selection?
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neutral
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Neutral mutations
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are not subject to selection
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Neutral mutations
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allow the time of divergence between different forms to be pinpointed
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The concept of a molecular clock is based on the idea that
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neutral mutations occur at regular rates
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Which of the following groups represents the most closely related organisms?
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species
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Which of the following is written correctly?
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Felis domestica
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Cladistics uses which of the following to group organisms?
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derived characteristics
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Which of the following eukaryotic kingdoms is not monophyletic and may soon be split into several kingdoms?
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protista
