Chapter 15 Practice Quiz – Flashcards
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Demography is the study of the size and composition of a society's population
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True
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To calculate a crude birth rate, divide the number of live births in a year into the total population and multiply the result by 1,000
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True
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The crude birth rate in North America is lower than that for Asia
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True
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The crude death rate is the most widely used measure of a society's population decline
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False
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The infant mortality rate for African Americans is more than twice as high as it is for white people
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True
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The average life expectancy for U.S. children born today is about sixty years
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False
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People's movement out of a territory is called immigration
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False
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The forced transport of 10 million slaves from Africa to the Americas is an example of involuntary migration
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True
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Most people migrate due to a combination of "push-pull" factors
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True
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An annual growth rate of about 2% will cause a society's population to double in about thirty-five years
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True
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In many low-income nations, parents value sons more than daughters, which explains why the age-sex ratio in these nations may be higher than 100
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True
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Thomas Robert Malthus expected population to increase according to an arithmetic progression
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False
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Environmental racism is a pattern by which environmental hazards are greatest for the poor, especially poor minorities
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True
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For decades, China has regulated fertility with a "one-child" policy
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True
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A metropolis is a large city that socially and economically dominates an urban area
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True
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Durkheim's concept of mechanical solidarity parallels Tönnie's concept of Gemeinschaft
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True
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George Simmel claimed that urbanites are so interested in each other's lives that there is little privacy in cities
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False
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Because our planet is mostly covered with oceans, there is no shortage of fresh water
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False
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At the present rate of loss, almost all of the rain forests will be gone by the end of this century
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True
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In general, the way of life of people living in low-income nations causes much more harm to the environment than the way of life of people living in high-income nations does
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False
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By 2012, the world is home to about how many people?
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7 billion
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Fertility refers to
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The incidence of childbearing in a nation's population
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Which of the following concepts refers to the maximum possible childbearing women?
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Fecundity
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Which of the following concepts refers to the number of live births in a given year for every 1,000 people in a population?
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Crude birth rate
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One region of the world has both the highest birth rate and the highest infant mortality rate. Which is it?
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Asia
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In global perspective, the crude birth rate of high income nations such as the United States is
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Below average
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Among which of the following categories of the U.S. population is fertility low?
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Asia American
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Which of the following four statements about migration is NOT true?
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Migration has little or no effect on population size
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Looking at countries around the world, what is the relationship between average income level and rate of population increase?
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The lower the average income, the greater the population increase
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The demographic measure called the "sex-ratio" refers to
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The number of males for every 100 females in the population
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Why are sex ratios usually below 100?
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Because women typically outlive men
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If a nation has a sex ratio of 108, as India does, it is very likely that parents there
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Value sons more than daughters
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If you were to examine an age-sex pyramid for a low-income nation, you would expect to see which of the following patterns?
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A wide base, indicating a high birth rate
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Throughout most of human history, families had many children because
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All of these responses are correct
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Which of the following is evidence of the shortage of a fresh water not found around the world?
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All of these responses are correct
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Currently, about how much of the global population increase is taking place in low-income nations?
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98%
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Malthusian argued that
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All of these responses are correct
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The basic idea behind demographic transition theory is
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Population patterns reflect a society's level of technological development
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Mounting evidence suggests that the average temperature of the planet is
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Rising
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In the United States, the birth rate is currently
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At about the replacement level
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The concept "zero population growth" refers to the level of reproduction that
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Maintains population at a steady level
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Which of the following statements expresses the "limits to growth" thesis?
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We are rapidly consuming the Earth's finite resources
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In most poor nations of the world today, what is the average number of children born to a woman?
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Three
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In low-income countries, increasing opportunities available to women are likely to
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All of these are correct
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The concept "environmental deficit" refers to
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Long-term harm to the environment caused by a short-sighted focus on material affluence
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Urban decentralization has led to
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All of these responses are corrections
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If you were to compare Sunbelt cities, such as Houston, to Snowbelt, such as Detroit, what differences would you find?
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Sunbelt cities generally have larger populations and are larger in physical size
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Which of the following concepts refers to the study of the interaction of living organisms and the natural environment?
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Ecology
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According to Emile Durkheim, while traditional, rural societies were built on ___, modern urban societies are held together by ___
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Likeness; difference
