Chapter 14 anthropology – Flashcards
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call systems
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communication systems of nonhuman primates, they vary in intensity and duration
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cultural transmission
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transmission through learning, basic to language
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productivity
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creating new expressions that are comprehensible to other speakers
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displacement
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describing things and events that are not present, basic to language
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FOXP2
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a mutated gene, this explained why humans speak and chimps don't
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kinesics
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study of communication through body movements, stances, gestures and facial expressions
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phonology
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study of speech sounds, considers which sounds are present and significant in a given language
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morphology
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studies how sounds combine to form
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morphemes
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words and their meaningful parts
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lexicon
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vocabulary, all the morphemes in a language and their meaninga
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syntax
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referes to the arrangement and order of words in phrases and sentences
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phoneme
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a sound contrast that makes a difference that differentiates meaning
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phonetics
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study of speech sounds in general, what people actually say in various languages
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phonemics
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studies only significant sound contrasts
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Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
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idea that different languages produce different patterns of thought
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focal vocabulary
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set of words describing particular domains of experience
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semantics
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a language's meaning system
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ethnosemantics
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study classification systems in various languages
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style shifts
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varying one's speech in different social contexts
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diglossia
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language with "high" (formal) and "low" (informal, familial) dialects
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honorifics
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terms used with people, often by being added to their names, to "honor"
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Black English Vernacular
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rule-governed dialect spoken by some african americans
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historical linguistics
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study of languages over time
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daughter languages
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languages sharing a common parents language ex: latin
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protolanguage
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language ancestral to several daughter languages
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subgroups
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closely related languages
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