Chapter 13 World History SG – Flashcards
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Conquistador
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individuals whose guns and determination brought them incredible success
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Colony
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settlements of people living in a new territory
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Mercantilism
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set of principles that dominated economic thought
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Balance of Trade
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difference in value between what a nation imports and what it exports over time
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Plantation
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Large agricultural estates
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Triangular Trade
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A pattern of trade that connected Europe, Africa, and Asia, and the American continents
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Middle Passage
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The journey of slaves from Africa to the Americas so called because it was the middle portion of the triangular trade route
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Mainland States
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part of the continent, as distinguished from peninsulas or offshore islands
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Bureaucracy
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a body of nonelective government officials
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Vasco de Gama
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went around the cape and cut across the Indian Ocean to the coast of India
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Christopher Columbus
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believed he had reached Asia by sailing west instead of east around Africa. Columbus reached all the major islands of the Caribbean and Honduras in Central America
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John Cabot
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explored the New England coastline of the Americas for England
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Amerigo Vespucci
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a Florentine went along on several voyages and wrote letters describing the lands he saw
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Francisco Pizarro
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took control of the Inca Empire high in the Peruvian Andes
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Ferdinand Magellan
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Portuguese explorer who organised the Spanish expedition to the East Indies from 1519 to 1522, resulting in the first circumnavigation of the Earth
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King Afonso
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King of Portugal in 1526
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Ibo
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Active traders and the area produced more slaves than practically any other in the continent.
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Khmer
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the successor of the old Angkor kingdom
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Dutch
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traders who were better financed than were the Portuguese
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Benin
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slave trade had a devastating effect on this state..a brilliant and creative society in the sixteenth century.
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Java
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island where the dutch established a fort at Batavia in 1619
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Gold Coast
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southern tip of West Africa
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Sumatra
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where the aggressive Dutch traders drove the English traders out of the spice market, reducing the English influence to a single port on the southern coast
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Moluccas
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Known to the Europeans as the spice islands,they were the chief source of the spices that had originally attracted the Portuguese to the Indian Ocean
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Ibo Society
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based upon independent villages..The Ibo were active traders, and the area produced more slaves than practically any other in the continent.
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African Slaves
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The primary market for African slaves was Southwest Asia. Most slaves worked in plantations, large agricultural estates.The journey of the slaves from Africa to Americas was know as the Middle Passage. The slave trade led to the depopulation of some areas, and it deprived many African communities of their youngest and strongest men and women.
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Southern Asia and European Influence
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Southeast Asia was a stable region, had kingdoms with their own ethnic, linguistic, and cultural characteristics were being formed. Conflict between the Thai and the Burmese was bitter until a Burmese army sacked the capital on 1767, forcing the Thai to create a new capital at Bangkok. The major impact of Isla, however, came in the 15th century, with the rise of the new sultanate at Melaka. Melaka had become the leading power in the region
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Religion in Southeast Asian Mainland
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From the period of 1500 - 1800 the Islam and Christianity were beginning to attract converts. Buddhism was advancing on the mainland, where it became dominant from Burma to Vietnam. Traditional beliefs survived and influenced the new religions.
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The Dutch in Regard to the Clove Trade
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The Dutch tried to dominate the Clove Trade by limiting cultivation of the crop to one island and forcing others to stop the growing and trading of the spice.
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The Triangular Trade
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The pattern of the trade connected Europe, Africa and Asia and the American continents. European merchant ships carried European manufactured goods, such as guns and cloth to Africa where they were traded for cargo, of slaves. The slaves were then shipped to the Americas and sold. European merchants then brought tobacco, molasses, sugar, and raw cotton and shipped back to Europe to be sold in European markets.
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Impact of the Slave Trade on Benin
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The slave trade had a devastating effect on Benin. A brilliant and creative society in the 16th century, Benin was pulled into the Slave Trade. As the population declined and warfare increased, the people of Benin lost faith in their gods, their art deteriorated, and human sacrifice became more common.
