Chapter 13: The Crusades – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
unhappy about the Great Schsim, but helps Byzantine because it is the land of Jesus
answer
Pope Urban
question
war between European Christians and Muslims (Seljuk Turks) over control of holy land
answer
The Crusades
question
means "God wills it"
answer
deus lo vult
question
1099 come to Jerusalem, kill people, and left, but the Muslims take it back
answer
1st crusade
question
try to kill people, but get beaten back
answer
2nd Crusade
question
"kings' crusade" ends in a tie
answer
3rd Crusade
question
what are the effects of the crusades?
answer
kings get more power, trade connections, national identities
question
1350, kills 1/3 of the population
answer
Bubonic Plague
question
banking family from Florence
answer
Medici Family
question
groups of people who got together to have power and set prices
answer
Guild
question
works for a master and learns a trade
answer
apprentice
question
works for a master in the store and gets paid
answer
journeyman
question
works in a guild and votes, owns a store
answer
master
question
The leader of the Czech religious reforms, and the spiritual founder of the Protestant reformation in the 1500's. He was convicted by the Council of Constance for heresy.
answer
Jan Hus
question
The Church court used to persecute Jews, Muslims, and Heretics.
answer
Inquisition
question
To recover Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the Muslims Turks.
answer
Goal of the Crusades
question
Disease that killed a great part of the population. It came from rats and was spread by fleas. Trade impulsed the spread of this disease.
answer
Bubonic Plague
question
They had little political power. Mostly worked at home and the church. Who were they?
answer
Women
question
Another name for the bubonic plague.
answer
Black Death
question
A tax that called for 10% of a peasant's income.
answer
Tithe
question
Groups of people that were specialized in particular works. They were responsible for the regulation of apprenticeship, guarantee of gook workmanship, and admission to various trades.
answer
Guilds
question
Time period in which the Spanish tried to clear their land from Muslims.
answer
Reconquista
question
An agricultural technique in which only one third of the territory is used at a time to grow crops.
answer
3 Field System
question
Some of the changes after this approximate year were: - Growth in education (first universities arise). - Increased trade movement. - Population growth. - First cities with specialized workers, trade, and education.
answer
1000
question
Dates of the Dark Ages, or Early Medieval Ages.
answer
500 - 1000
question
Another name for the middle class members.
answer
Burgher
question
This type of writing uses the mother language.
answer
Vernacular
question
This event occurred from 1096 to 1204.
answer
Crusades
question
Duration of Hundred Years War
answer
116 years
question
The Hundred Years War was fought between ____ and ____.
answer
France and England
question
There were a total of __ Crusades.
answer
9
question
Trade between Southwest Asia and Europe grew after this series of wars.
answer
Crusades
question
This architectural style first appeared in the Middle Ages.
answer
Gothic
question
He wrote a letter to call for the "holy wars".
answer
Pope Urban II
question
The ____ and _____ lost power after the Crusades. The feudal system was weakened.
answer
pope, kings
question
He was an important Muslim leader throughout part of the Crusades.
answer
Saladin
question
Trade revived and nations developed in Europe
answer
What happened generally during the Crusades?
question
Pope Urban II
answer
Who called for the First Crusade?
question
To regain the Holy Land from the Muslims
answer
Why was the First Crusade called?
question
True
answer
Before the Crusades, trade had begun to revive in europe. True or false?
question
Changed their lives
answer
The Crusades did what for the lives of the people of Europe?
question
Expeditions to regain the Holy Land
answer
What is the definition of The Crusades?
question
Palestine
answer
What did Christians call the Holy Land?
question
It was where Jesus lived and taught
answer
Why did Christians call it the Holy Land?
question
Seljuk Turks
answer
Who threatened Constantinople?
question
Alexius I
answer
Who was the Byzantine emperor?
question
The Church in Rome
answer
Who did the Byzantine emperor go to for help against the threat to Constantinople?
question
Council of Clermont
answer
What was the name of the great meeting called by Pope Urban II?
question
Urged powerful nobles to join war against the Nonbelievers or Infidels
answer
What did Pope Urban II's great meeting do?
question
A cross (sewed to their garments)
answer
What was the sign of the Crusaders?
question
Cruciata
answer
Crusader comes from what Latin word?
question
Marked with a cross
answer
What does Cruciata mean?
question
To make money, heavenly and earthly rewards, protection of property and family, debts were cancelled, criminals relieved of punishment
answer
Why did people join the Crusades?
question
During the Middle Ages, European Christians launched a series of religious wars called ?
answer
Crusades
question
The goal of each Crusade was the same: to take ? away from the Muslims
answer
Jerusalem and Holy Land
question
area around Jerusalem
answer
Holy Land
question
The Crusades were a series of religious wars intended to recapture Jerusalem and its surrounding lands from the ?
answer
Seljuk Turks
question
How did Pope Urban II call Christians to begin the Crusades?
answer
at the Council of Clermont
question
How many Crusades set out from Europe between 1096 and 1291?
answer
9
question
Which of the following was the only truly successful Crusade?
answer
1st Crusade
question
What Crusade pitted Richard the Lion-Hearted against Saladin in a fierce competition for control of Jerusalem?
answer
3rd Crusade
question
Which of the following was not a cause of the Crusades?
answer
European peasants wanted to see new lands
question
Which of the following was not an effect of the Crusades?
answer
Relations between Christians and Jews strengthened
question
The availability of spices and textiles in Europe was ?
answer
an economic effect of the Crusades
question
Jerusalem was holy to Jews because of the ?
answer
Holy Temple
question
Jerusalem was holy to Christians because ? was crucified and buried there
answer
Jesus
question
Many Christians also believed that Christ would come again only once Christians held ?
answer
Jerusalem
question
By the late 1000s, the city of Jerusalem had fallen to North African Muslims called the ?
answer
Fatimids
question
? also swept through southwest Asia, taking control of Persia and other lands
answer
Turkish Muslims
question
After the Turkish conquest, stories spread throughout Europe that the Turks were ? visiting the region
answer
persecuting Christians
question
Once in control of Persia, the Turks attacked the ?
answer
Byzantine Empire
question
In 1071, Turks destroyed the Byzantine army in the ?
answer
Battle of Manzikert
question
emperor of Byzantine Empire called ? for help when he lost the Battle of Manzikert
answer
Pope Urban II
question
In response to the emperor, Urban called church leaders to a ?
answer
council in Clermont, France
question
Pope Urban II called on all ?, including knights and nobles, to put aside their differences and fight against the Turks
answer
Christian warriors
question
slogan for the Crusades
answer
God wills it
question
The Crusaders inspired by Urban left France in 1096 in the ? Cursade
answer
1st
question
goal of Crusades
answer
claiming or protecting the Holy Land
question
2 groups who went on the 1st Crusade
answer
peasants and trained knights
question
on their way through Germany, some peasants who answered Urban's call attacked non-Christians and slaughtered ?
answer
Jews
question
peasants who reached Jerusalem quickly fell to the ?
answer
Seljuk Turks
question
trained knights were ? for the hardship of their journey
answer
unprepared
question
it takes ? years for trained knights to reach Jerusalem
answer
3
question
a victory for the 1st trained knights Crusaders that involved terrible fighting and ended in disaster for the city's inhabitants
answer
siege of Jerusalem
question
how many states the Crusaders created in the Holy Land?
answer
4
question
The 4 Christian states centered around ? 4 cities in the Holy Land
answer
Jerusalem, Edessa, Antioch, Tripoli
question
Within a few years the Muslims began to ? lands that they had lost in the First Crusade
answer
recapture
question
In 1144, Muslim took the city of ?, the capital of one of the
answer
Edessa
question
Saladin set out to take back ? and he succeeded
answer
Crusader states
question
After Edessa was lost to the Muslims, European leaders called for a ?
answer
2nd Crusade
question
among the 2nd Crusaders were ?
answer
King Louis VII of France and Eleanor of Aquitaine
question
2nd Crusade was a ?
answer
failure
question
About ? years after the Second Crusade, a new leader arose in the Muslim world called Salah ad-Din or Saladin
answer
30
question
Salah ad-Din was known to Europeans as ?
answer
Saladin
question
Saladin overthrew the Fatimids and took the title of ? for himself
answer
sultan
question
Saladin set out to take back ? and he succeeded
answer
Crusader states
question
Because Saladin drove the Christians out of Jerusalem, Christians launched the ?
answer
3rd Crusade
question
the only king from England of the 3 kings who went on the 3rd Crusade and reached Holy Land
answer
Richard the Lion-Hearted
question
Richard and Saladin had ? for each other even though they never met
answer
great respect
question
Richard and Saladin were admired as ? and for ?
answer
military leaders; knightly behavior
question
Richard and Saladin made proposals for ? including a marriage alliance between Richard's sister and Saladin's brother, which never took place because of religious differences
answer
peace
question
in spite of
answer
despite
question
Richard was ? able to drive the Muslims out of the Holy Land or to take Jerusalem
answer
not
question
With Jerusalem still in Muslim hands, Europeans set out on the ? Crusade in 1201
answer
4th
question
But the 4th Crusaders found that they could not afford to pay
answer
Venetians
question
In lieu of payment, the 4th Crusaders agreed to attack the city of ?, a port that had once belonged to Venice but was now held by the Christian king of Hungary
answer
Zara
question
Angry that the 4th Crusaders had attacked a Christian city, the pope ? them all
answer
excommunicated
question
the 4th Crusaders ransacked ? and made one of their leaders the new emperor
answer
Constantinople
question
the 4th Crusade was a ? because of disorganization and a lack of strong leadership
answer
failure
question
By 1291, the Muslims had once more driven the Christians completely ? of the Holy Land
answer
out
question
? other Crusades followed the sack of Constantinople, but none were successful (number)
answer
5
question
3 long-lasting effects of the Crusades
answer
economic, political, social
question
The Crusades enhanced existing ? as returning Crusaders brought even more goods, such as spices and textiles, to Europe
answer
trade
question
? took control of the lands left unoccupied and became more powerful
answer
kings
question
The Crusades brought knowledge of ? to Europe, which had a great impact on European society
answer
Muslim culture
question
Some European Christians who fought in the Crusades grew to ? other cultures
answer
respect
question
Others, who didn't participate in the Crusades became more ?
answer
intolerant
question
Many Europeans began to view all non-Christians as ?
answer
enemies
question
Because many Europeans began to view all non-Christians as enemies, the persecution of ? increased
answer
Jews
question
Jews and Muslims in the Holy Land, in turn, saw the Crusaders as ?
answer
invaders
question
Who was the pope that called for the first crusade?
answer
Urban II
question
What is the name of the city considered holy by Christians, Muslims, and Jews?
answer
Jerusalem
question
Who was the leader that united the Muslim forces and defended against the Christians?
answer
Saladin
question
Which crusade was successful in capturing Jerusalem?
answer
First crusade
question
What was the city where Christian forces joined before marching to Antioch?
answer
Constantinople
question
People who used Aristotle's teachings and reason to reconciles with religious truth?
answer
Scholastics
question
Epidemic that swept through Europe during the Middle Ages?
answer
Bubonic plague/black death
question
Term for towns with operating guilds? (Germany)
answer
Burgs
question
Groups of towns in Italy that joined and became independent states?
answer
Communes
question
Where the Council of Clermont was called by Pope Urban II around 1095. It was where Urban considered the appeal and decided to call the crusades.
answer
Clermont, France
question
Conquered Jerusalem, prompting call for the crusades..
answer
Seljuk Turks
question
Which crusades involved the ransacking of Constantinople?
answer
4th crusade
question
Who was the monarch who went on the crusade of the kings?
answer
Richard the Lionhearted
