Chapter 13- Presenting Speeches – Flashcards
67 test answers
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answers 67question
Difference between Dysfunctional speech anxiety and Functional speech anxiety
answer
The degree of anxiety and your own ability to manage it.
Unlock the answer
question
Causes of dysfunctional speech anxiety into 2 categories:
answer
1. Self defeating thoughts 2. Situational factors
Unlock the answer
question
Catastrophic Thinking: Fear of Failure
answer
Exaggerating the magnitude of potential fear is a common source of stress and anxiety. Those with irrational fears predict a complete mental breakdown, fearing audience will laugh and hoot them off stage, view them as irredeemable fools.
Unlock the answer
question
Perfectionist Thinking: No Mistakes Permitted
answer
Imperfections so glaring to perfectionist usually go unnoticed by their audience.
Unlock the answer
question
Desire for Complete Approval: Trying not to offend
answer
It is highly unlikely that you will please everyone with your speech especially if its a controversial topic. Don't set standards at unreachable heights because you will tumble.
Unlock the answer
question
3 anxiety-provoking situations relevant to public speaking
answer
1. novelty 2. conspicuousness 3. types of speeches
Unlock the answer
question
Novelty of the speaking situation:Uncertainty
answer
-We often fear what is unpredictable or unfamiliar. -For inexperienced speakers, the mere novelty of the speaking situation may trigger speech anxiety. -As you gain experience the novelty wears off anxiety diminishes because you gain knowledge from giving speeches.
Unlock the answer
question
Conspicuousness: In the Spotlight
answer
-Being conspicuous or the center of attention can increase your anxiety. - As the size of the audience grows, conspicuousness increases in most individual's minds -Gaining confidence can help anxiety
Unlock the answer
question
Types of Speeches: Varying Responses
answer
-Types of speeches combined with situational challenges affect whether you experience anxiety. -Also giving a speech to an audience hostile to your expressed point of view may also engender high levels of anxiety. -Don't view a speech as a performance because you create unrealistic expectations for yourself.
Unlock the answer
question
4 phases to speech anxiety symptoms
answer
1. Anticipation phase 2. Confrontation phase 3. Adaptation phase 4. Release phase
Unlock the answer
question
Anticipation phase
answer
Symptoms elevate just prior to giving the speech.
Unlock the answer
question
Confrontation phase
answer
face the audience and begin to speak
Unlock the answer
question
Adaptation phase
answer
Kicks in about 60 seconds into speech. Reach a more comfortable level.
Unlock the answer
question
Release phase
answer
60 seconds immediately following the speech.
Unlock the answer
question
Severity
answer
Approximated by imagining what would happen if catastrophic failure did occur.
Unlock the answer
question
Probability
answer
Highly improbably that all of these feared occurrences would transpire.
Unlock the answer
question
Performance
answer
An attempt to satisfy an audience of critics whose members are focused on evaluating your presentation.
Unlock the answer
question
Communication oreintation
answer
Focuses on making your message clear and interesting to your listeners.
Unlock the answer
question
Coping statements
answer
"The best part is still ahead" "I'm past the tough part" shift the thought process from negative and irrational to positive and rational self-talk. Make it constructive.
Unlock the answer
question
Visualization
answer
Positive images of success.
Unlock the answer
question
Systematic desensitization
answer
Technique used to control anxiety, even phobias triggered by a wide variety of stimuli, operates on the principle that relaxation and anxiety are incompatible do not occur simultaneously, involves increasing mental exposure to threatening stimuli coupled with relaxation techniques.
Unlock the answer
question
5 things that trigger attention involuntarily:
answer
1. Novelty 2. Startling appeals 3. Vital Appeals 4. Humorous Appeals 5. Intensity
Unlock the answer
question
Novelty
answer
Attracts attention, audiences are naturally drawn to the new and different, stimulate interest in your subject before giving your purpose statement. To make novels appeals do unusual topics, unusual examples, unusual stories, unusual phrasing.
Unlock the answer
question
Startling appeals
answer
A startling statement, fact, statistic can route audience attention, can be unsettling, meant to alarm, shock,astonish an audience into listening intently. Make sure to not be inappropriate when starling an audience.
Unlock the answer
question
Vital Appeals
answer
Audiences tend to be me-oriented so personalize the appeal to all of your listeners, don't make a general appeal go in deep into audience.
Unlock the answer
question
Humorous Appeals
answer
This is very effective if used right but that can be tricky. Don't force it. Tell funny stories or amusing occurrences to clarify points. it should amuse listeners while making a point, be sensitive to context it can backfire, use it very gentle.
Unlock the answer
question
Intensity
answer
Concentrated stimuli, extreme degree of emotion, thought, activity. Play on the intense feelings of your audience by relating a tragic event, moving story,etc. But be careful because your listeners can respond in positive or negative ways.
Unlock the answer
question
4 requirements for a competent introduction to a speech
answer
1. Gain attention 2. Make a clear purpose statement 3. Establish topic significance 4. Preview the main points
Unlock the answer
question
Gain attention
answer
-Begin with a clever quotation that capitalizes on wit and wisdom, grabs attention with ironic humor and relates to the purpose statement. -Use questions by asking audience them -Can even poll audience -Ask rhetorical question -Tell a relevant story -Begin with a simple visual aid can draw in your audience and make a point.
Unlock the answer
question
Make a clear purpose statement
answer
Provides the intent for your entire speech. It invites attention because it is novel and intense. Leads directly to a clear purpose statement.
Unlock the answer
question
Establish topic significance
answer
Audience are me-oriented, establish the basis for why audience member should care to listen, relate your purpose statement to your audience, make topic relevant to audience.
Unlock the answer
question
Preview the main points
answer
This presents the coming attractions of your speech, establish the credibility of the speaker.
Unlock the answer
question
Anecdote
answer
A short entertaining story.
Unlock the answer
question
Rhetorical question
answer
A question asked by a speaker not intended to be answered out loud. Make it meaningful.
Unlock the answer
question
Requirements for Competent Conclusions
answer
1. Summarize the main points, remind the audience of the most important points in your speech. 2. Refer to the introduction if using a story/example in introduction refer to it again in the conclusion, provide closure. 3. Make a memorable finish. Do not end abruptly, be concise and to the point when finishing your speech.
Unlock the answer
question
Specific ways to present supporting materials effectively:
answer
1. Examples- appropriateness and effectiveness, need knowledge and skill. Make them relevant. Choose vivid ones that trigger feelings and provoke strong images, stick in the mind for awhile. Stack examples when one is not enough to make a point. 2. Statistics- can be powerful.
Unlock the answer
question
4 ways to use statistics effectively:
answer
1. Use accurate statistics accurately. 2. Make statistics concrete, clarify meaning. 3. Make statistical comparisons, gain perspective, compare with others. 4. Stack statistics create impact on central points in a speech.
Unlock the answer
question
Style
answer
Composed of the words you choose to express your thoughts and the ways you use language to bring your thoughts to live for an audience.
Unlock the answer
question
Differences between oral and written style:
answer
1.Whenever we speak, we usually use simple sentence than when we write. 2. Oral style is highly interactive, written not. 3. Oral style is usually less formal than written style grammar errors go unnoticed when we talk.
Unlock the answer
question
Examples of effective oral style
answer
1. Clarity 2. Precision 3. Vividness
Unlock the answer
question
Metaphor
answer
Is an implied comparison of 2 seemingly dissimilar things, may influence listeners attitudes.
Unlock the answer
question
Mixed metaphor
answer
Use of 2 or more vastly different metaphors in a single expression, can sound goofy.
Unlock the answer
question
Simile
answer
An explicit comparison of 2 seemingly dissimilar things using the word like or as.
Unlock the answer
question
Cliche
answer
A once-vivid expression that has been overused to the point of seeming commonplace.
Unlock the answer
question
Alliteration
answer
Repetition of the same sound usually a constant sound starting each word.
Unlock the answer
question
Parallelism Vivid Rhythm
answer
A parallel construction has a similar arrangement of words, phases, or sentences which create a rhythm.
Unlock the answer
question
Antithesis
answer
Using opposites to create impact. Examples: "it was the best of times, it was the worst of times", "Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country"
Unlock the answer
question
Problems of delivery that interfere with the effectiveness of message:
answer
1. Weak eye contact 2. Monotone voice 3. Vocal Fillers 4. Rapid pace 5. Awkward Body Movements 6. Distracting behaviors
Unlock the answer
question
Emotional contagion
answer
Feel happy or sad depending on the speakers type of voice.
Unlock the answer
question
Weak eye contact
answer
Avoid it by being familiar with speech, look and practice looking at entire audience.
Unlock the answer
question
Monotone voice
answer
Strive for vocal variety, vary speaking voice by moving up and down the vocal range high to low sound, speak loud when you have an important point to make.
Unlock the answer
question
Vocal Fillers
answer
The insertion of um,ah,like,you known,know what i mean,whatever substitute for pauses and often draw attention to themselves.
Unlock the answer
question
Rapid pace
answer
Speaking pace should be lively enough to keep attention but not so fast that you appear to have consumed too much coffee. 175-200 wpm is good.
Unlock the answer
question
Awkward Body Movements
answer
Strive for balance between excessive and insufficient body movement, posture erect, focus on message and audience and gestures will follow.
Unlock the answer
question
Distracting behaviors
answer
Eliminating these helps create the impression of a polished performance.
Unlock the answer
question
4 primary methods of delivering "the big four"
answer
1. Manuscript speaking 2. Memorized speaking 3. Impromptu speaking 4. Extemporaneous speaking
Unlock the answer
question
Manuscript speaking
answer
May be an appropriate method of delivery in certain situations, takes practice to present a manuscript speech, drawbacks are speaker fails to have eye contact and gets buried in the manuscript.
Unlock the answer
question
Memorized speaking
answer
Very hard to do, can be painful for listeners if forgotten, awkward silences, hard to make it sound natural instead of robotic.
Unlock the answer
question
Impromptu speaking
answer
Is one delivered without preparation, asked to respond to a previous speaker without any warning.
Unlock the answer
question
Extemporaneous speaking
answer
Sounds spontaneous because speaker glances at outline or notes, permits greater eye contact with the audience, allows speaker to respond to audience feedback as it occurs. Drawbacks are learning to speak from notes and outline takes practice.
Unlock the answer
question
Extemp speech
answer
Delivered from a prepared outline or notes. Falls between impromptu and manuscript.
Unlock the answer
question
Motivational speech
answer
Requires a lively, enthusiastic delivery, eye contact intense, voice loud, body movements drastic, speaker moves back and forth across stage or even into audience.
Unlock the answer
question
After-dinner-speech "roast"
answer
Calls for a lively, comic delivery.
Unlock the answer
