Chapter 12- Islam – Flashcards
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What were the reasons for the rapid expansion of Islam throughout the Middle East, India, China, and Central and Southeast Asia in the century after the death of the Prophet?
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1. Islam is a universal religion- recognizes no national barriers 2. Islam is a religion with wide appeal- simple, easily practiced faith 3. The world that surrounded the early Muslims was confused and corrupt
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What is the significance of the caliphate in the history of Islam? What roles have caliphs played throughout the years?
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it is the one central unifying office in the history of Islam. Caliphs were supposed to represent Islam and rule the Muslims, they were friends of the prophet and elected by common consent, they became hereditary and it was more like a king.
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Summarize the different divisions within Islam. How are they different?
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Sunnis- think of themselves as the guardians of Islamic orthodoxy and tradition, base practice off of the early Muslim community. Shi'ites- imam leads the community prayers and speaks with the authority of God, ancestors of Ali should be in charge, Mahdi is a messiah figure who will appear and lead the world to justice, martyrdom is important, believe that sunni interpretations are not correct. Sufi movement- emphasizes the mystical and emotional aspects of Islam
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What were some of the reasons for the slowness with which Muslim entered the modern era, as the world moved out of the Middle Ages and into an industrial age?
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They felt superior to Christians and satisfied when it came to European nations, development of super conservative groups and struggled against change.
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What are the holy days in Islam and what is their significance?
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Feast of Fast-Breaking- celebrates the return to normal life after the prolonged fast, visit friends, pay respects to the dead Fast of Sacrifice- commemorates the time when Abraham was commanded by God to sacrifice his son. New Year- beginning of the Muslim new year, sunni communities fast, shi'ite communities commemorate the Battle of Karbala Birthday of the Prophet Muhammad- celebrates the birth of Muhammad.
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What are some challenges facing Muslims and Islam today?
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Very political, control natural resources, fast growing, hard for Islam to be compatible with a modern lifestyle
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