Chapter 12 Health – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
the number one life-threatening manifestation of CVD
answer
heart attacks
question
numbers of chambers in the heart
answer
4
question
type of circulation where the right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs
answer
pulmonary circulation
question
type of circulation where the left side of the heart pumps blood through the rest of the body
answer
systemic circulation
question
oxygen-poor blood travels through these large vessels
answer
venae cavae
question
the two chambers found in the upper right part of the heart
answer
atria
question
the blood is pumped to this after the left atrium is filled
answer
left ventricle
question
the body's largest artery
answer
aorta
question
distributes blood to the rest of the body's blood vessels
answer
aorta
question
the period of the heart's contraction
answer
systole
question
the period of relaxation of the heart
answer
diastole
question
the smallest artery branch
answer
capillaries
question
two large blood vessels that branch off the aorta and supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood
answer
right and left coronary arteries
question
one major risk factor of CVD that can be changed
answer
tobacco use
question
the negative affect that smoking has on the body
answer
reduces the amount of oxygen available to the body
question
Effects of smoking
answer
the platelets stick together in the bloodstream, leading to clotting, and it speeds the development of fatty deposit in the arteries
question
another name for high blood pressure
answer
hypertension
question
high blood pressure
answer
a disease
question
the most prevalent form of CVD
answer
high blood pressure
question
the risks that come with high blood pressure
answer
heart attacks and strokes
question
short periods of high blood pressure
answer
is normal
question
chronic high blood pressure
answer
is a health risk
question
a normal blood pressure reading for a healthy adult
answer
below 120/80
question
atherosclerosis
answer
a disease process that causes the arteries to become clogged and narrow, scars and hardens arteries, making them less elastic and further increasing blood pressure
question
what does atherosclerosis do to the body
answer
it strains the arteries
question
cells in the blood that are necessary for the formation of blood clots
answer
platelets
question
systolic levels that classify someone as having prehypertension
answer
120-139
question
diastolic levels that classify someone as having prehypertension
answer
80-89
question
this happens when people's blood pressure isn't adequately controlled with lifestyle changes
answer
medication is prescribed
question
cholesterol
answer
a fatty, wax-like substance that circulates through the bloodstream
question
parts of the body in which cholesterol is the main component
answer
cell membranes, sex hormones, vitamin D, the fluid around the lungs, and the protective sheaths around the nerves
question
Beginning at the age of 20, the National Cholesterol Education Program recommends lipoprotein to be tested once every ____ years
answer
5
question
the levels that are associated with a higher risk of CVDs
answer
high LDL levels, total cholesterol levels, triglyceride levels, and low HDL levels
question
in order to reduce the risk of CVDs
answer
lowering LDL levels, total cholesterol levels, and triglyceride levels, and raising HDL
question
why should someone raise their levels of HDL, what group of people is this especially true for
answer
higher levels seem to offer protection from CVD even where total cholesterol is high. this is especially true for women
question
LDL level that is desirable
answer
below 100 mg/dl
question
Total cholesterol level that is desirable
answer
below 200 mg/dl
question
HDL cholesterol level that is high
answer
60 mg/dl or more
question
the body's positive affects from physical activity
answer
it lowers CVD risk by helping to decrease blood pressure and resting heart rate, INCREASE HDL LEVELS, maintain desirable weight, improve the condition of blood vessels, and prevent or control diabetes
question
things that need to be taken in order to reduce the chances of developing complications with type 2 diabetes
answer
a healthy diet, exercise, and careful control of glucose levels
question
factors contributing to elevated triglyceride levels
answer
excess body fat, physical inactivity, cigarette smoking, type 2 diabetes, excessive alcohol intake, very high-carbohydrate diets, and certain diseases and medications
question
traits of a Type A personality
answer
hostility, cynicism, and anger
question
metabolic syndrome is most closely related to
answer
insulin resistance
question
the age in which the incidence of stroke more than doubles in each successive decade
answer
people over 55
question
African Americans suffer from which diseases more frequently
answer
hypertension, heart disease, and stroke
question
affect of the body when C-reactive protein(CRP) is released into the bloodstream
answer
inflammation
question
indicated by high levels of CRP
answer
a substantially elevated risk of heart attack and stroke
question
atherosclerosis
answer
the thickening of the arteries by deposits of fat
question
caused by the blockage of a coronary artery
answer
heart attack
question
caused by a blockage of an artery in a limb
answer
peripheral arterial disease, a condition that causes pain and sometimes amputation of the affected limb
question
a heart attack occurs when, and what is another name for it
answer
when a coronary artery becomes blocked the result is a myocardial infarction (MI)
question
one symptom of a heart attack
answer
difficulty breathing
question
angina pectoris
answer
the need for oxygen exceeds the supply
question
symptoms of angina pectoris
answer
tightness in the chest and heavy pressure
question
cause of sudden cardiac death
answer
arrhythmia
question
from the first symptoms, how long does it take for death from a heart attack to occur
answer
2 hours
question
arrhythmia
answer
an irregular heartbeat
question
warning sign of a heart attack
answer
discomfort in other areas of the upper body
question
imaging technique that provides pictures of the heart, which can help pinpoint abnormal areas of the heart
answer
echocardiography
question
warning sign for a stroke
answer
numbness
question
a technique in which a catheter with a deflated balloon on the tip is inserted into an artery; the balloon is then inflated at the point of obstruction in the artery, pressing the plaque against the artery wall to improve blood supply
answer
balloon angioplasty
question
another name for a stroke
answer
cerebrovascular accident
question
type of stroke most closely related to atherosclerosis
answer
a thrombotic stroke
question
a wondering blood clot that is carried into the bloodstream and may become wedged in a cerebral artery
answer
embolus
question
a blood vessel ruptures within the brain
answer
intracerebral hemorrhage
question
a blood vessel on the brain's surface ruptures and bleeds into the space between the brain and the skull
answer
subarachnoid hemorrhage
question
how to reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome
answer
eat more unsaturated fats
question
what causes a hemorrhagic stroke
answer
an aneurysm
question
a blood-filled pocket that bulges out form a weak spot in the artery wall
answer
aneurysm
question
not an effect of a stroke
answer
hormonal imbalance
question
what is a transient ischemic attack
answer
ministroke
question
congestive heart failure
answer
when the heart cannot maintain its regular pumping rate and force
question
not a treatment for congestive heart failure
answer
increasing salt intake
question
congenital heart defects is most commonly found in who
answer
children
question
holes in the wall that divides the chambers of the heart and aorta
answer
congenital heart defects
question
most common cause of sudden death among athletes younger than age 35
answer
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
question
what is the first step of rheumatic fever
answer
strep throat
question
not a symptom of strep throat
answer
gradual onset of a sore throat
question
the most common heart valve disorder involves what valve
answer
mitral valve
question
vitamins that help lower homocysteine levels
answer
folic acid, vitamin B-6, and vitamin B-12
question
if you have no CVD risk factors, you should have your blood pressure measured by a trained professional when
answer
at least once every 2 years
question
all people aged 20 and over should have their cholesterol checked when
answer
at least once every 5 years
question
benign tumors
answer
noncancerous
question
malignant tumors
answer
can invade surrounding structures
question
the spread of cancer cells form one part of the body to another
answer
metasis
question
signs and symptoms of cancer disappear, and the disease is considered to be under control
answer
remission
question
smoking is responsible for
answer
30% of all cancer deaths
question
test used to detect rectal and colon cancer
answer
sigmoidoscopy
question
how are cancers classified
answer
according to the types of cells that give rise to them
question
most common type of cancer
answer
carcinomas
question
type of cancer that arises from connective and fibrous tissues such as muscle, bonce, cartilage, and the membranes covering muscles and fat
answer
sarcomas
question
lymphomas are cancers of the lymph nodes
answer
part of the body's infection-fighting system
question
leukemia
answer
cancer of the blood-forming cells the most common cause of cancer death in the United States
question
lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in who
answer
women
question
percent of death in which tobacco smoke is responsible
answer
87%
question
factor that increases the risk of lung cancer
answer
exposure to environmental tobacco smoke
question
increases risk of colon and rectal cancer
answer
a diet rich in red a processed meats
question
a yearly stool blood test is recommended starting when
answer
at the age of 50
question
not a risk factor of breast cancer
answer
previous injury to the breasts
question
leads to an increase level of estrogen in the blood
answer
alcohol
question
percent of cancer deaths from carcinogen exposure
answer
6%
question
not an environmental carcinogen
answer
beta carotene
question
takes a computer photograph of the brain
answer
CT scan
question
not a risk factor of breast cancer
answer
early motherhood
question
risk factor of breast cancer
answer
obesity
question
risk factor for colon and rectal cancer dealing with food
answer
nitrate added to meat
question
when is a mammography recommended for women
answer
over the age of 40
question
prostate cancer
answer
the most common cancer in men
question
who is most likely to suffer from prostate cancer
answer
not circumcised men
question
techniques for early detection of prostate cancer include a digital rectal examination and what kind of test
answer
prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
question
why has PSA testing been the subject of controversy among experts for several years
answer
it has a tendency to yield misleading results
question
where do all cases of cervical cancer stem from
answer
papillomavirus (HPV)
question
this test scrapes cells from the cervix
answer
pap test
question
cancer of the lignin of the uterus
answer
endometrial
question
does not increase the risk of endometrial cancer
answer
the use of oral contraceptives
question
although ovarian cancer is rare, it causes
answer
more deaths
question
exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB)_ radiation causes
answer
immediate sunburns
question
fact about ultraviolet radiation
answer
it reflects off of sand
question
who is considered to have a great degree of protection from ultraviolet radiation
answer
people with naturally dark skin
question
basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas
answer
pearly nodules or red, scaly, sharply outlined patches
question
not a characteristic of melanoma
answer
appears most commonly on the face
question
the most dangerous skin cancer
answer
melanoma
question
SPF 20 sunscreen
answer
allows you to remain in the sun without burning 20 times longer than without sunscreen
question
characteristic of melanoma
answer
diameter larger than a pencil eraser
question
not a most common cause of testicular cancer
answer
when a man is sexually active
