Chapter 12- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Cognitive Restructuring – Flashcards
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a model of cognitive-behavioral therapy that teaches clients to change distorted and erroneous cognitions that are maintaining their problem behaviors
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cognitive restructuring therapy
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Involves recognizing maladaptive cognitions and substituting more adaptive cognitions for them. It is used when clients' problems are maintained by an excess of maladaptive thoughts.
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cognitive restructuring
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a model of cognitive-behavior therapy that teaches clients adaptive responses- both cognitive and overt behavioral- to deal effectively with problematic situations.
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cognitive-behavioral coping skills therapy
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what people are saying to themselves when they are thinking
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self-talk
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designed to decrease the frequency and duration of persistent, intrusive thoughts by interrupting them and substituting pleasant thoughts for them
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thought stopping
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a well-known treatment that primarily employs cognitive restructuring to change the irrational thoughts that cause psychological problems such as anxiety, depression, anger, and guilt
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rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)
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an adaptation of REBT for children and adolescents- the curriculum includes: (1) identifying emotions and differentiating them from thoughts, (2) learning how thoughts, rather than situations influence emotions, (3) recognizing rational and irrational thoughts, (4) dealing with common difficult situations by using these concepts
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rational emotive education
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a cognitive restructuring therapy that emphasizes empirically testing the validity of maladaptive beliefs
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cognitive therapy
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a term that emphasizes how clients experience their distorted thinking
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automatic thoughts
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therapist and clients working together to design homework "experiments" to test these hypotheses
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collaborative empiricism
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a written plan of a client's daily activities and is particularly useful for clients who are anxious or depressed
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activity schedule
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technique that provides clients with feedback about the sense of accomplishment and pleasure they actually are experiencing
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mastery and pleasure rating
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refers to the sense of accomplishments
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mastery
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refers to feelings of enjoyment or satisfaction while performing a task
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pleasure
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a small sequential step that leads to a therapeutic goal
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graded task assignment
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developed by Patrick Resick, is an adaptation of cognitive therapy for clients who have experienced trauma and are suffering from stress disorders
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cognitive processing therapy
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a broad and pervasive cognitive theme about oneself,others,or the world
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schema
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changes thoughts that are maintaining conditions of psychological disorders and problems
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Cognitive behavioural therapy:
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teaches clients to change distorted and erroneous cognitions that maintain their problem behaviours by recognizing maladaptive cognitions and substituting more adaptive cognitions.
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Cognitive restructuring therapy:
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ongoing dialogue with ourselves
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Self-talk:
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freely speaking what comes to mind in an open-ended response format in order to pinpoint erroneous beliefs.
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Think-aloud procedures:
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decreasing the frequency and duration of persistent, disturbing thoughts by interrupting them and substituting pleasant thoughts for them
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Thought stopping:
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making disturbing thought more tolerable, perhaps pleasant
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Imagery rescripting:
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philosophical basis of cognitive therapy, stating that people create their own reality, where the interpretation of an event gives it its meaning, and that events are just events- they are neither positive nor negative. Explains why people have different reactions to the same event.
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Constructivism:
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employs cognitive restructuring to change the irrational thoughts that cause problems such as anxiety, depression, anger, and guilt. Posits that it is our beliefs about events, and not events themselves that makes us feel the way we do. Beliefs are actively challenged by the therapist
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Rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy:
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Aaron Beck: how clients experience their distorted thinking (in a reflexive way)
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Automatic thoughts:
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a cognitive distortion according to Beck, where one draws conclusions with insufficient or contradictory evidence
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Arbitrary Inference:
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a cognitive distortion according to Beck, where a conclusion is drawn based on a single incident (believing all events will go the same as the first)
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Overgeneralization:
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a cognitive distortion according to Beck: attending to a detail while ignoring the total context
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Selective abstraction:
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erroneously attributing an external event to you (a cognitive distortion according to Beck)
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Personalization:
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thinking in extremes: in an all-or-nothing fashion (a cognitive distortion according to Beck)
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Polarized thinking:
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a cognitive distortion according to Beck: viewing something as far more or far less important than it actually is (often lessening successes, maximizing failures)
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Magnification/minimization:
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method used to identify clients' dysfunctional beliefs where the client is asked questions until they come to a conclusion
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Socratic dialogue:
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homework assignments designed to investigate and test the hypotheses of automatic thoughts
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Collaborative empiricism:
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a cognitive intervention where alternative interpretations are generated, there is a reattribution of responsibility, and a focus on decatastrophizing. Done in a journaling style, the three columns are "situation", "automatic thought", and "error".
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Three-column technique:
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sense of accomplishment
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Mastery:
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each completed activity on an activity schedule is rated from 0-5, thus recognizing partial successes and small pleasures
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Mastery and pleasure rating:
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a shaping technique that encourages client to perform small, sequential steps that lead to a goal.
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Graded task assignment:
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A quest for understanding of life's biggest questions
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Spiritual Hunger
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An awareness of one's inner self and a sense of higher connection to a higher being, nature, or some purpose greater than oneself. (Seeking to find understanding; can be more than just a belief in God.)
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Spirituality
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The man postulated that there is a profound, divine level of unconsciousness, the collective unconscious, which unites all people. Poor spiritual health results from the inability to access this source within us.
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Carl Jung
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A contemporary psychiatrist who outlined the road to spiritual development, a systematic path consisting of four stages: chaotic antisocial, formal-institutional, skeptical, and mystic-communal. He also reintroduced the aspect of human spirituality and psychology with his classic book, The Road Less Traveled
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M. Scott Peck
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A mystic who reminds us of the mystical side of human nature and highlights that every aspect of creation is spiritual and sacred in its own way.
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Hildegard von Bingen
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American Indian spirituality, called Mother Earth spirituality, was described to Anglo-Americans by Black Elk. It includes four cardinal principles: respect for; the Great Spirit, Mother Earth, fellow men and women, and respect individual freedoms. The vision quest, a soul-searching retreat, is one of the most profound experiences of Mother Earth spirituality.
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Black Elk
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A Christian theologian who synthesized several concepts of theology and physics into creation spirituality, which consists of four phases: via positiva, negativa, creativa, and transformativa.
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Matthew Fox
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An early pioneer who outlines a categorical difference between spiritual optimism and spiritual pessimism: the former, an asset to total well-being; the latter, a significant contributing factor to the stress-and-disease relationship.
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Joan Borysenko
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A contemporary physician who reminds us to continually explore our consciousness and live in harmony with the spiritual laws of the universe. These include the laws of pure potentiality , giving and receiving , karma, least effort, intention and desire, detachment, and Dharma or life purpose.
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Deepak Chopra
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The son of god who spoke of love as a divine source that resides in everyone of us. It is this source that longs to bond with all others. His message was to love ourselves and then share this love with each member of humanity.
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Jesus Christ
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the hero's journey involves three distinct phases: (1) departure, (2) initiation, and (3) return.
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Joesph Campbell
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A Chinese Philosopher who described spirituality as the Tao. He outlined four principles of the Tao that help to clarify human interaction with the universe: oneness, dynamic balance, cyclical growth, and harmonious action. Many of the traits associated with these principles can be seen as parallels to Maslow's characteristics of self-actualization.
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Lao Tzu
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A German physicist who developed the theory of relativity and brought new light to the concept of energy and mass and properties of the nonlocal mind. His theory bears a remarkable resemblance to Jung's theory of the collective unconscious.
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Albert Einstein
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the common bonds of human spirituality can be viewed as a cycle of seasons (seasons of the soul): centering (autumn), where one goes inside to do some soul searching; emptying (winter), a process of letting go of thoughts, perceptions, and frustrations to make room for new insights; grounding (spring), where new insights are sought and received; and connecting (summer), a time of sharing and celebration.
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Common Bonds of Human Spirituality
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Explain how relationships, values, and a meaningful purpose in life are affected by stress
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A term coined by the author to describe the potential we all have as humans to cope with stress through the use of our inner resources (e.g., humor, compassion, patience, tolerance, imagination, and creativity).
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Spiritual Potential
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A term to describe the use of our inner resources to help us cope with stress and dismantle the roadblocks on the path of life.
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Spiritual Health
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A metaphor to explain how stressors act as obstructions on the human journey or spiritual path , yet these are not meant to be avoided— rather they are meant to be dismantled , circumnavigated, or transcended so that one can move on with one's life.
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Roadblocks
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Material possessions (greed or wealth) and/ or behaviors (addictions ) that distract one from making progress on the spiritual path. Distractions begin as attractions, pulling one off the spiritual path indefinitely.
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Distractions
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A model describing how stimuli are interpreted consists of four components : sensory input, sensory manipulation, cognitive/ behavioral output, and a feedback system.
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What is the thinking process model?
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It does not acknowledge negative thoughts, rather it collaborates with the conscious mind from positive thinking.
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What role does the unconscious mind play in changing behavior?
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Toxic thoughts come in various styles, including pessimism, catastrophizing, blaming, perfectionism, polarized thinking , should-ing, magnifying, and self-victimizing.
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How can you best describe toxic thoughts?
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1.Awareness 2.Reappraisal of the situation 3.Adoption and substitution 4.Evaluation
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List the steps to initiate cognitive restructuring.
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A coping technique; substituting negative, self-defeating thoughts with positive, affirming thoughts that change perceptions of stressors from threatening to nonthreatening.
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What is cognitive restructuring?
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What role does the unconscious mind play in the process of restructuring?
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What effect does attitude have on human physiology?
