Chapter 11-properties of the hair & scalp – Flashcards
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TRICHOLOGY
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the scientific study of hair & its diseases & care is called? which comes from the GREEK words trichos & ology.
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HAIR & THE STUDY OF
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GREEK word trichos & ology.what do the words mean?
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HAIR ROOT & HAIR SHAFT
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a mature strand of human hair is divided into 2 parts.what are they?
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HAIR ROOT
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the part of the hair located below the surface of the epidermis( outer layer of the skin)
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HAIR SHAFT
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the portion of the hair that projects above the epidermis.
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HAIR FOLLICLE
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the tube-like depression or pocket in the skin or scalp that contains the hair root.
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HAIR BULB
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the lowest part of a hair strand.it is the thickened club-shaped structure that forms the lower part of the hair root.
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DERMAL PAPILLA
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the lower part of the hair bulb fits over & covers the...
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DERMAL PAPILLA
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small cone-shape elevation located @ the base of the hair follicle that fits into the hair bulb.it contains the blood & nerve supply that provides the nutrients needed for hair growth.
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ARRECTOR PILI MUSCLE
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small involuntary musle in the base of the hair follicle.HINT: goose bumps
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SEBACEOUS GLANDS
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the oil glands in the skin that are connected to the hair follicles.
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AMINO ACIDS / 11 & 9
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peanut butter & bread,rice & beans,beans & corn have what in them?the body can produce____ of the 20 but your diet must include the remaining____?
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CARBON 51% OXYGEN 21% HYDROGEN 6% NITROGEN 17% SULFUR 5%
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the cohns elements are?what percentage does each one have?
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90 PERCENT
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hair is approximatly ________ protein.
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KERATINIZATION / KERTATIN
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mature in a process called_____.as these newly formed cells mature they fill up w/ a fibrous protein called_____?
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MEDULLA
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the innermost layer of the hair & is composed of round cells.
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CORTEX
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thew middle layer of the hair-a fibrous protein core formed by elongated cells containing melanin pigments.
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HAIR CUTICLE
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outermost layer of the hair- single overlapping layer of transpartent,scale like cells that look like shingles on a roof.
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HAIR CUTICLE,CORTEX & MEDULLA
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3 main layers of the hair shaft.
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THE MAJOR ELEMENTS THAT MAKE UP HUMAN HAIR
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carbon,oxygen,hydrogen,nitrogen & sulfer are what?
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PEPTIDE BOND or END BOND
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strong chemical bond that joins amnio acids.
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POLYPEPTIDE CHAIN
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the long chain of amnio acids linked by peptide bonds is called a...
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PROTEINS
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long coiled complex polypeptides made of amnio acids.
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HELIX
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created when the polypeptide chains intertwine w/ each other.
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SIDE BONDS
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link the polypeptide chains together & are responsible for the extreme strength & elasticity of human hair.
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HYDROGEN,SALT & DISULFIDE BONDS
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3 types of side bonds are?
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HYDOGEN BOND / 1/3
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a weak,physical cross link side bond that is easily broken by water.there are so many of them they account for____ of the hair's overall strength.
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SALT BOND
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also a weak physical cross link side bond between adjacent polypeptide chains.they depend on pH so they are easily broken by strong alkaline or acidic solutions.
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DISULFIDE BOND
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a stong chemical side bond that is very different from the physical side bond of a hydrogen bond or salt bond.this bond joins the sulfur atoms of 2 neighboring cystine amnio acids to create 1 cystine.
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CYSTINE
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joins together 2 polypeptide strands.
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PERMANENT WAVES & HAIR RELAXERS
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what are disulfide bonds broken by?
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MELANIN
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tiny grains of pigment in the cortex that give naturalcolor to the hair.
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EUMELANIN & PHEOMELANIN
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the 2 types of melanin are?
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EUMELANIN
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provides natural dark brown to black color to hair.
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PHEOMELANIN
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provides natural colors ranging from red & ginger to yellow & blond tones.
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WAVE PATTERN
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it is described as stright,wavy,curly or extremely curly.
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GRAY HAIR
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the absence of melanin causes what?
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VELLUS HAIR & TERMINAL HAIR
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2 main types of hair found on the body.
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VELLUS HAIR OR LANUGO HAIR
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short fine unpigmented & downy hair that appears on the body.almost never has a medulla.
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TERMINAL HAIR
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long course pigmented hair found on the scalp,legs,arms & bodies of males & females.it usually has a medulla.
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ANAGEN,CATAGEN & TELOGEN (ACT)
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3 cycles of hair growth are...
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ANAGEN OR GROWTH PHASE
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new hair is produced.
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1/2 inch per month
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the average growth of healthy scalp hair is about...
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CATAGEN PHASE
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brief transition period between the growth & resting phases of a hair follicle.
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TELOGEN OR RESTING PHASE
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the final phase in the hair cycle & lasts until the fully grown hair is shed.
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ALOPECIA AREATA
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autoimmune disorder that causes the affected hair follicles to e mistakenly attacked by a person's own immune system.
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ALOPECIA TOTALIS
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this hair disorder usually begins w/ 1 or more small round smooth bald patches on the scalp & can progress to total scalp hair loss known as?
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ALOPECIA UNIVERSALIS
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complete body hair loss
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POSTPARTUM ALOPECIA
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temporary hair loss during pregnancy
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MINOXIDIL & FINASTERIDE
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2 products to counter hair loss are?
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MINOXIDIL
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a topical (applied to the surface of the body) medication that is put on the scalp twice a day & has proven to stimulate hair growth.
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FINASTERIDE
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oral perscription medication for men only.
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CANITIES
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technical term for gray hair
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RINGED HAIR
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variety of canities, characterized by alternating bands of gray & pigmented hair throughout the length of the hair strand.
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HYPERTRICHOSIS OR HIRSUTIES
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a condition of abnormal growth of hair.
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TRICHOPTILOSIS
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technical term for split ends.
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TRICHORRHEXIS NODOSA
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technical term for knotted hair
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MONILETHRIX
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technical term for beaded hair
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FRAGILITAS CRINIUM
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technical term for brittle hair
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TINEA CAPITIS
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type of fungal infection characterized by red papules or spots @ the opening of the hair follicles.
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TINEA FAVOSA OR TINEA FAVUS
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characterizedby dry sulfur-yellow cup like crusts on the scalp called scutula.
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SCABIES
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highly contagious skin disease caused by a parasite called a mite that burrows under the skin.
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PEDICULOSIS CAPITIS
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infestation of head lice
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TINEA BARBAE
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barber's itch-most frequently encountered infection resulting from hair services.usually seen on men.
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TINEA
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technical term for ringworm-characterized by itching,scales & sometimes painful circular lesions.
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FURUNCLE
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technical term for boil-an acute localized bacterial infection of the hair follicle that produces constant pain.
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CARBUNCLE
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inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue caused by staphylococci.
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HAIR TEXTURE
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the thickness or diameter of the individual hair strand.it can be classified as coarse,medium or fine & can very from strand to strand on the same person's head.
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COARSE HAIR
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hair texture that has the largest diameter
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MEDIUM HAIR
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most common texture & is the standard to which other hair is compared.
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FINE HAIR
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smallest diameter & is more fragile
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HAIR DENSITY
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measures the number of individual hair strands on 1 square inch of the scalp.
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HAIR POROSITY
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the ability of the hair to absorb moisture.
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HYDRPHOBIC
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healthy hair w/ a compact cuticle layer is natually resistant to being penetrated by moisture & is referred to as...
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HYDROPHILIC
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porous hair has a raised cuticle layer that easily absorbs moisture is called?
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HAIR ELASTICITY
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the ability of the hair to stretch & return to its original length without breaking.
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HAIR STREAM
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flowing in the same direction.
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WHORL
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hair that forms in a circular pattern as on the crown of the head.normally forms in the crown with all the hair from that point growing down.
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COWLICK
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tuft of hair that stands straight up,more noticeable @ the front hairline but they may be located anywhere on the head.
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NORMALIZING SHAMPOO
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oily hair & scalp can be treated by properly washinh with...
