Chapter 10: Cell Growth and Division Study Guide Questions – Flashcards
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Cell division
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Process by which a cell divides into two new duaghter cells
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Asexual Reproduction
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Process of reproduction involving a single parent that results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent
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Sexual Reproduction
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Type of Reproduction in which cells from two parents unite to form the first cell of a new organism
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Chromosome
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Threadlike structure of DNA and protein that that that contains genetic information; in eukaryotes, chromosomes are found in the nucleus; in prokaryotes, they are found in the cytoplasm
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Chromatin
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Substance found in eukaryotes chromosomes that consists of DNA tightly coiled around histones
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Cell Cycle
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Series of events in which a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells
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Interphase
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Period of the cell cycle between cell division
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Mitosis
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Part of eukaryotes cell division during which the cell nucleus divides
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Cytokinesis
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Division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells
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Prophase
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First and longest phase of mitosis in which the genetic material inside the nucleus condenses and the chromosomes become visible
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Centromere
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Region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach
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Chromatid
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One of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome
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Centriole
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Structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division
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Metaphase
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Phase of the mitosis in which the chromosome line up across the center of a cell
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Anaphase
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Phase of most is in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite end of the cell
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Telophase
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Phase of mitosis in which distinct individual chromosomes begin to spread out into a tangle of chromatin
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Cyclin
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One of a family of proteins that regulates the cell cycle in eukaryote cells
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Growth Factor
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Of a group external regulatory proteins that simulate the growth and division of cells
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Apoptosis
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Process of programmed cell death
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Cancer
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Disorder in which some of the body's cells loose the ability to do growth
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Tumor
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Mass of rapidly dividing cells that can damage surrounding cells
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Embryo
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Developing stage of a multicellular organisms
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Differentiation
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Process in which cells become specialized in structure and function
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Totipotent
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Cells that are unable to develop into any type of cell found in the body
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Blastocyst
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Stage of early development in mammals that consist of a hollow ball of cells
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Pluripotent
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Cells that are capable of developing into most, but not all of the body cell types
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Multipotent
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Cell with limited potential to develop into many types of different cells
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Stem cell
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A specialized cell that can give rise to one or more types of specialized cells
