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Communication Skills Include

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Traditional abilities and new Requirements

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Traditional Abilities (Communication Skills)

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Reading, listening, nonverbal skills, speaking writting

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New Requirements (Communication Skills)

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Media Savvy, Good Judgements online

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Good Judgements online (new requirements)

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Maintaining positive image and presence, protecting employer's reputation.

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Skills Employers Want

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Excellent oral and written communication, ability to work in teams, professionalism and work ethic, critical thinking and analytical reasoning, unblemished social media presence

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Percent Most Listen At

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20-50

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stereotype

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An oversimplified perception of a behavioral pattern or characteristic applied to an entire group.

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How to prevent miscommunication across cultures

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Listen without interrupting, smile when appropriate, follow up in writing.

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Listen without Interrupting (prevent miscommunication across cultures)

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Curb your desire to finish sentences or to fill out ideas for the speaker.

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Smile When Appropriate (prevent miscommunication across cultures)

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This is considered the most uniform type of communication, but can often be considered insincere if done too much.

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Follow Up in Writing (prevent miscommunication across cultures)

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After conversations or oral negotiations, confirm the results and agreements with written messages-in the local language if necessary.

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Communication Skills

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writing, speaking, listening, nonverbal, and intercultural skills.

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Communication Style

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A cultural dimension that refers to how people in a culture communicate and use words

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Context

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A cultural dimension that refers to the stimuli, environment, or ambience surrounding an event.

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Culture

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A complex system of shared values, traits, morals and customs that molds the way people think, behave and communicate.

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Empathy

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The ability to share another person's experience and emotions; thinking of how the receiver feels and is likely to respond.

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Ethnocentrism

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The belief in the superiority of one's own culture; judging others by our own values

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groupthink

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An absence of critical thinking sometimes found in homogeneous groups.

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high-context culture

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A culture in which communicators tend to be intuitive and contemplative

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high-power distance

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A concept that describes cultures in which people accept hierarchal authority and defer to others because of their wealth, position, seniority or age.

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individualism

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A culture dimension that refers to an attitude of independence and freedom from control

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low-context culture

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A culture in which communicators tend to be logical, analytical and action-oriented

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low-power distance

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A concept that describes cultures in which people feel equal; hence they reject authoritarianism, and fail to show deference to others because of their wealth, position, seniority or age.

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nonverbal communication

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All unwritten and unspoken messages whether intended or not; silent signals conveyed in body language, gestures, eye contact, appearance and other factors.

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In a Fortune Poll, 1,000 executives cited

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Writing, critical thinking, and problem-solving along with self-motivation, and team skills as their top choices in new-hires

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Soft Skills

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Essential career attributes.

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Soft Skills Include

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The ability to communicate, work well with others, solve problems, make ethical decisions, and appreciate diversity.

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Employees who learn to communicate

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Will reflect positive images of themselves and of the company they represent

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Ability to communicate has been described as a

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"Career Sifter" leading to job opportunities or to the door.

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The Digital Revolution

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Social media requires more written communication, with messages that can travel instantly to distant locations, and teams can collaborate and meet deadlines even when separated.

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Barriers to Effective Listening

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Language Problems, Faking Attention, Physical Barriers, psychological barriers, language problems, nonverbal distractions, thought speed, grandstanding

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Physical Barriers (Barriers to Effective Listening)

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Noisy surroundings, hearing impairments, or being tired

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Psychological Barriers (Barriers to Effective Listening)

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Perceptions differ from others, causing us to tune out

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Nonverbal Distractions (Barriers to Effective Listening)

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Include inappropriate clothing, or speech mannerisms

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Thought Speed (Barriers to Effective Listening)

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Our minds often wander because we process thoughts more rapidly than words.

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Grandstanding (Barriers to Effective Listening)

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Trying to monopolize on a conversation

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Stop Talking (Building Powerful Listening Skills)

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Let others Speak

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Be Respective (Building Powerful Listening Skills)

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Keep an open mind

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Capitalize on Lag Time (Building Powerful Listening Skills)

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During lag time, anticipate what will be next

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Listen Between the Lines (Building Powerful Listening Skills)

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Think about unspoken thoughts or feelings

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Judge Ideas, Not Appearances (Building Powerful Listening Skills)

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Judge the content of the message, rather than the appearance of the speaker

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Building Strong Nonverbal Skills

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Establish/Maintain Eye Contact, Use Posture to show Interest, reduce/eliminate physical barriers, improve decoding skills, probe for more info.

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Maintaining Eye Contact (Building Strong Nonverbal Skills)

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Signals attentiveness

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Posture to show Interest (Building Strong Nonverbal Skills)

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Lean forward slightly to show interest, or simply look alert

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Reduce/eliminate physical barriers (Building Strong Nonverbal Skills)

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Do this to create an open atmosphere. Arrange chairs in a circle rather than in front of a desk.

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Improve Decoding Skills (Building Strong Nonverbal Skills)

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Noticing facial expressions, and body language of speakers

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Probe for More Information (Building Strong Nonverbal Skills)

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Ask clarifying questions when non-verbal cues are confusing

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Dimensions of Culture

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High and Low Context, Individualism and Collectivism, Time Orientation, Power Distance, Communication Style

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Low Context Cultures (dimensions of culture)

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Tend to be logical, linear and action oriented. Prefer explicit messages that they consider to be efficient, objective and professional. Time is precious.

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High Context Cultures (dimensions of culture)

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Tend to be relational, collectivists, intuitive and contemplative. Leave much unsaid and share communication cues by posture, voice inflection, gestures and facial expression. Time is unlimited and never-ending.

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Examples of Low Context Cultures (dimensions of culture)

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North American, and Northern European cultures.

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Examples of High Context Cultures (dimensions of culture)

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Southern European and Asian cultures.

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Power Distance Index (dimensions of culture)

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Developed by Hofstede, and compares societies based on how far the less powerful people accept an unequal distribution of power.

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High Power Distance Countries (dimensions of culture)

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Subordinates expect formal hierarchies and embrace relatively authoritarian, paternalistic power relationships.

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Examples of High Power Distance Countries (dimensions of culture)

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Russia, China and Japan

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Low Power Distance Countries (dimensions of culture)

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Subordinates consider themselves as equals of their superiors. Relationships between people of varying power tend to be democratic, egalitarian and informal.

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Examples of High Power Distance Countries (dimensions of culture)

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Sweden, England, the United State

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Communication Style-Low Context (dimensions of culture)

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Emphasize words, directness and openness. People tend to be impatient, informal and literal.

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Communication Style-High Context (dimensions of culture)

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Rely on non-verbal cues and the total picture to communicate. Meanings are embedded in many sociocultural levels.

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ethnocentrism

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Believing that your culture is superior to all others.

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How to Curb Ethnocentrism

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Build cultural self-awareness, understand basis for generalizations and stereotyping, practice empathy, remain open minded

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Stereotype

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An oversimplified behavioral pattern applied uncritically to groups.

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Improving Intercultural Written Communication

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Consider local styles and conventions, use short sentences/paragraphs, avoid ambiguous wording, hire a translator, cite numbers carefully

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Diverse Work Force Benefits

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Consumers, work teams and budinesses

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Diverse Staff Better Able to Respond

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To increasingly diverse customer base locally and globally

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Team Members with Various Experience

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More likely to create products that customers demand

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soft skills

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The ability to communicate, work well with others, solve problems, make ethical decisions, appreciate diversity, and display professionalism.

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Nonverbal Communication

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Unwritten, and unspoken messages. Conveyed by body language, gestures, appearance and other factors.

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time orientation

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A cultural dimension that refers to how individuals perceive and use time.

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communication style

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how people in a culture communicate and use words

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context

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The stimuli, environment or ambiance surrounding an event

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tolerance

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learning about and practicing beliefs different from our own and being open minded and receptive to new experiences.

Chapter 1: Business Communication in the Digital Age, incomplete, to yellow highlights – Flashcards

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