chapter 07 Abnormal Psychology – Flashcards
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In 1989, Abramson and his colleagues revised Seligman's theory of learned helplessness, changing the focus from specific attributions to _________ as the crucial factor in depression.
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a sense of hopelessness
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All of the following statements about lithium therapy are true EXCEPT
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once a person is symptom-free for 6 months, he/she may stop taking lithium.
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Recent research suggests that
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the same genetic factors contribute to both anxiety and depression.
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One symptom of depression is an increase in sleeping. What other symptoms related to sleep occur in depression?
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A reduction of slow-wave (deep) sleep.
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An effective treatment for SAD is
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exposure to bright light shortly after awakening.
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The rapid-cycling specifier refers to an individual with bipolar disorder who experiences at least ___ manic or depressive episodes in a year.
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4
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Possible reasons for the higher rates of depression found in women include all of the following EXCEPT
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low value placed on intimate relationships.
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Which of the following statements is TRUE about tricyclics?
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They can be accompanied by very unpleasant side effects
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In comparing the length of untreated depressive episodes to untreated manic episodes, which of the following is an accurate statement?
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Depressive episodes generally last longer.
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According to recent research on the development of depression, dysfunctional attitudes (a negative outlook) and hopelessness attributes (explaining things negatively) constitute a _____________ vulnerability to depression.
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Cognitive
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The antidepressant medication lithium is also referred to as a mood stabilizer because it
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helps to prevent manic episodes.
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Which of the following statements is accurate regarding the relationship between anxiety and depression?
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Many depressed patients are or have been anxious and many anxious patients are or have been depressed.
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The most usual pattern of a temporal specifier in major depressive disorder occurs in the late fall and ends with the beginning of spring. This type of depression is known as __________.
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seasonal affective disorder
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A student who has been doing very well in her psychology class receives a minor critical comment on an essay that she wrote as part of an exam. The student thinks, "This is terrible. I'm probably going to fail the course." This type of cognitive error in thinking is called _________.
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overgeneralization
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Being depressed __________ the risk of death in elderly patients who have had a stroke or heart attack
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doubles
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Morning light is thought to help with seasonal affective disorder because it
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produces phase advances of the melatonin rhythm.
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Current research into neurotransmitter systems has produced the "permissive" hypothesis, which states that
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when serotonin levels are low, other neurotransmitter systems become dysregulated and contribute to mood irregularities.
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A friend of yours tells you that he thinks he is mildly depressed, but he's not sure. Knowing that you are studying abnormal psychology, he asks if there is any kind of laboratory test that could determine whether or not someone is depressed. You respond correctly with one of the following statements:
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Currently there is no way of diagnosing depression with a laboratory test
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Depressive individuals tend to exhibit
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greater right anterior brain activity.
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The less severe but more chronic version of bipolar disorder is called __________ disorder.
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cyclothymic
