Chap 13 – Flashcards
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Which of the following plantation values strongly influenced southern life before the Civil War?
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slavery, honor, and male domination
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The effect of the institution of slavery on southern society was that
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whites were unified around race rather than divided by social class.
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As late as 1850, there were no statewide public school systems in the South
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state legislatures failed to provide many essential services, and planters saw no need to educate their workforce
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Plantation owners often described the master-slave relationship in terms of
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a concept whereby a slave's labor and obedience were exchanged for the master's care and guidance.
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Most white Southerners in the antebellum South
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did not own slaves
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In the decades after 1820, the most important factor dividing the North and the South was
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the existence of an ever-increasing number of slaves in the South
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In 1860, the largest number of white Southerners
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were nonslaveholding yeoman farmers
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According to historians, a planter in the antebellum South may be distinguished from a farmer by virtue of his
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owning at least twenty slaves
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Southern whites of all classes were unanimous in their commitment to
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white supremacy
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Because the South lacked economic diversity,
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newly arrived European immigrants tended to settle in the North
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Initially, the white South defended slavery as a "necessary evil"; eventually, however, southern intellectuals began to argue that slavery was
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a positive good because it civilized blacks and brought them Christianity
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The staple crop in the tidewater area from the Carolinas into Georgia, which required canals, dikes, and huge numbers of slaves, was
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rice.
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Which of the following restrictions were placed on the 260,000 free blacks by 1860?
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Free blacks were subjected to special taxes, prohibited from interstate travel, denied the right to have schools and to participate in politics, and forced to carry "freedom papers."
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A widespread form of protest that particularly angered masters was
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running away
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Planters in the nineteenth century promoted Christianity in the slave quarters because
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they believed that the slaves' salvation was part of their obligation and that religion would make slaves more obedient
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Upcountry yeomen, who lived in the hills and mountains,
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raised hogs, cattle, and sheep, and sought self-sufficiency and independence.
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Plantation mistresses were like slaves in that their husbands
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demanded that they be subordinate
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At the bottom of the social scale in the South were poor whites, who
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worked ambitiously and hoped to move up and away from their miserable living conditions
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The southern lady has been idealized in history; in reality
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she could have the responsibility of managing servants, directing the slave hospital, and supervising the henhouse and dairy.
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Open slave revolts were uncommon in the South because
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whites outnumbered blacks two to one by 1860 and were heavily armed, so rebels had almost no chance of success
