Chambliss Discover Sociology Chapter 12 – Flashcards
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Disestablishment Clause
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Part of the First Amendment in the Bill of Rights of the U.S. Constitution, which contains the passage "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof."
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Religion
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A system of common beliefs and rituals centered on "sacred things" that unites believers and provides a sense of meaning and purpose.
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Theism
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A belief in one or more supernatural deities.
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Anthropology
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The study of human cultures and societies and their development.
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Profane
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A sphere of routine, everyday life.
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Sacred
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That which is set apart from the ordinary, the sphere endowed with spiritual meaning.
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Totems
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Part of the sacred sphere in which ordinary objects are believed to have acquired transcendent or magical qualities connecting humans with the divine.
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Secularization
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The rise in worldly thinking, particularly as seen in the rise of science, technology, and rational thought, and a simultaneous decline in the influence of religion.
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Religious economy
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Suggests that religions can be fruitfully understood as organizations in competition with one another for followers.
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Church
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A well-established religious organization that exists in a fairly harmonious relationship with the larger society.
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Ecclesia
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A form of a church that is formally allied with the state and is the "official" religion of the society.
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Denomination
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A form of a church that is not formally allied with the state.
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Sect
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A religious organization that has splintered off from an established church in an effort to restore perceived "true" beliefs and practices believed to have been lost by the established religious organization.
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Cult
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A religious organization that is thoroughly unconventional with regard to the larger society.
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New religious movements (NRMs)
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Movements that are new and in key respects different from existing religious movements.
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Monotheism
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Belief in a single all-knowing, all-powerful God.
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Zionism
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A movement calling for the return of Jews to Palestine and the creation of a Jewish state.
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Polytheism
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Belief in the existence of divine spiritual forces rather than a God or gods.
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Nontheistic religion
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Belief in the existence of divine spiritual forces rather than a God or gods.
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Animism
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The belief, that naturally occurring phenomena, such as mountains and animals, are possessed of indwelling spirits with supernatural powers.
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Evangelicalism
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A belief in spiritual rebirth (conventionally denoted as being "born again").
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Disestablishment
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A period during which the political influence of established religions is successfully challenged.
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Civil religion
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A set of religious beliefs through which a society interprets its own history in light of some conception of ultimate reality.
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Religious nationalism
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The linkage of religious convictions with beliefs about a nation or ethnic group's social and political destiny.
